In the solar power system and the wind and solar power supply system, the energy storage part is very important.
The battery performance of the energy storage part affects the capacity, safety, and durability of the energy storage of the power supply system.
Here we talk about the types of batteries commonly used in energy storage systems and briefly describe their performance pros and cons.
There are generally the following types of batteries in commonly used energy storage systems:
Lead-acid batteries, ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate.
01Lead-acid battery
It is a battery in which the electrode is mainly made of lead and its oxide, and the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution. In the discharge state of a lead-acid battery, the main component of the positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative electrode is lead; in the charged state, the main component of the positive and negative electrodes is lead sulfate.
Its advantages mainly include: safe sealing, venting system, simple maintenance, long service life, stable quality, and high reliability;
The disadvantages are: the pollution of lead is large, and the energy density is low (that is, it is too bulky).
02Ternary lithium battery
Ternary polymer lithium battery refers to a lithium battery that uses lithium nickel cobalt manganate (Li (NiCoMn) O2) as the cathode material. The ternary composite cathode material uses nickel, cobalt, and manganese salts as raw materials. The ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese can be adjusted according to actual needs. The battery with ternary material as the positive electrode is safer than the lithium cobalt oxide battery, but the voltage is too low, and it will be obvious when used on mobile phones (the cut-off voltage of mobile phones is generally around 3.0V) The feeling of insufficient capacity.
Its main advantages are: high energy density, small volume with the same capacity;
The disadvantages are poor thermal stability, internal short-circuits are prone to open flames, rapid capacity decay, and short life.
03Lithium Iron Phosphate
Lithium iron phosphate battery refers to a lithium-ion battery that uses lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode material. The cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries mainly include lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium nickelate, ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate, and so on. Among them, lithium cobalt oxide is currently the cathode material used in most lithium-ion batteries.
Its main advantages are excellent charge and discharge performance, no memory effect, long life, good high-temperature resistance, good safety performance, and environmental protection;
The disadvantages are lower energy density, a larger volume of the same capacity, slightly reduced low-temperature performance, and higher manufacturing costs.
In the current security industry, considering safety and capacity stability factors, lithium iron phosphate batteries are the current mainstream choice.
