Are ternary lithium-ion batteries a higher safety risk than lithium-iron phosphate batteries? Power lithium-ion battery, ternary lithium-ion battery and lithium-iron phosphate battery are the two main technical directions. Electric vehicles have frequent spontaneous combustion accidents, and the safety of ternary lithium-ion battery has become a focus issue. Compared with lithium-iron phosphate battery, is the safety risk of ternary lithium-ion battery relatively high?
Are NMC lithium-ion batteries a higher safety risk than lithium-iron phosphate batteries?
Lithium-ion iron phosphate battery refers to the lithium ion battery with lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material. This type of battery is characterized by the absence of precious metal elements such as cobalt. Because they do not contain precious metals, the raw material costs of lithium-ion iron phosphate batteries can be compressed very cheaply. In practical use, lithium ion iron phosphate battery has the advantages of high temperature resistance, strong safety and stability, low price and better cycling performance.
Different from lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium ion battery voltage platform is very high, which means that in the same volume or weight, ternary lithium ion battery specific energy, specific power is greater. In addition, ternary lithium-ion batteries also have great advantages in terms of large charging rate and low temperature resistance.
Lithium-ion iron phosphate batteries have advantages in safety. At present, the energy density of the monomer has been raised to 160-170 kilowatt-hours per kilogram. For example, buses need to use lithium-ion iron phosphate batteries. In the passenger car, I learned that many good companies have done a good job in the safety of ternary material batteries. We judge the safety of a battery by its ability to meet safety requirements, not by its material. Ternary material lithium ion battery has a variety of different formulations, different companies their own safety standards are not the same, can not simply say ternary material is unsafe.
The battery core system design of ternary lithium ion battery and iron phosphate lithium ion battery is definitely different. However, it is unrealistic to design the same ternary lithium ion battery only for the battery strengthening system with poor quality. The source of the safety accident is still on the monomer, the monomer does not pass the threshold, it is not good to rely on the system design to ensure. Of course, the situation varies from car company to car company. Some car companies buy the system directly from the battery company, but OEMs with strong design skills usually do the design themselves.
From a security point of view, the iron phosphate lithium ion batteries have more advantages, such as an accident before ternary material aluminum nickel and cobalt in the three yuan 18650 battery can appear in more than 180 degrees Celsius since the heating, after a fire is very difficult to control, and lithium iron phosphate material can only be seen to be over 250 degrees Celsius heat emission phenomenon, so the iron phosphate lithium ion batteries used in commercial vehicles, Especially city buses and buses, this is a correct choice for the development of electric vehicles in China, which is more secure for the safety of people's lives and property.
Iron phosphate lithium-ion batteries, high safety, because the iron phosphate lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature above 500 degrees generally, ternary lithium ion battery is below 300 degrees, some high temperature nickel battery thermal runaway is even less than 200 degrees, compared with iron phosphate lithium-ion battery in the process of automobile high speed and quick charge lower risk of spontaneous combustion.
Conclusion: The safety of power lithium-ion battery is the most important issue in the use of electric vehicles. In contrast, the safety of lithium-ion iron phosphate batteries is slightly higher than that of ternary lithium ion batteries.
