Machine vision system is to use machine instead of human eyes to make various measurements and judgments. It is an important branch of computing science, which integrates the technologies of optics, mechanics, electronics, computer hardware and software and involves many fields such as computers, image processing, pattern recognition, artificial intelligence, signal processing, and optical mechatronics. The rapid development of image processing and pattern recognition and other technologies has also greatly promoted the development of machine vision.
I. The working principle of robot vision system
Robot vision hardware mainly includes two parts: image acquisition and vision processing, while image acquisition consists of lighting system, vision sensor, analog-to-digital converter and frame memory. Robot vision acquires two-dimensional images of the environment through vision sensors, which are analyzed and interpreted by vision processors and then converted into symbols that allow the robot to recognize objects and determine their locations.
Second, the application area of robot vision system
Industrial robot vision difficulty is the accuracy and speed, the requirements are in the millimeter level, and the industrial field of industrial robot gripper changes are in three-dimensional space. According to the different functions, robot vision can be divided into two kinds of visual inspection and visual guidance. The main application areas include.
1、 Touch screen
With the development of technology, people's requirements for the interactive experience of electronic products are increasingly high, touch screen as a new generation of electronic products input devices are gradually becoming the new favorite tablet PCs, cell phones, e-books, GPS, game consoles and other devices. Touch screen production process is complex, from the upstream ITO glass coating, lithography, IC component processing, to the midstream touch screen module lamination, screen printing, cutting, and then downstream touch screen module lamination, cover glass inspection, are higher requirements for the process, so that machine vision technology has become the necessary technology for the production and quality inspection of the relevant links.
2、FPD
FPD (Flat Panel Display, industry including LCD, LED, OLED and other display devices, a variety of technical processes are very complex, of which LCD is currently the most important display technology. fpd industry has extremely high requirements for production efficiency and product quality, machine vision technology as non-contact, high precision, high speed production, inspection capabilities become An indispensable technical means. From front-end ITO glass inspection, backlight module inspection, to Cell lamination, LCD module COG equipment, alignment lamination, cutting machine, flying probe inspection equipment, etc., the application of machine vision technology has improved the core competitiveness of equipment manufacturers.
3、Laser processing
Skilled processing is a widely used industrial processing technology, the use of motion control of the laser to achieve high-precision marking, cutting, engraving, welding and other functions, with the upgrade of the laser processing process, the traditional technology can no longer meet the requirements of industrial processing of high precision and high speed. This makes machine vision technology and laser technology began to integrate, while the positioning and guidance of vision to achieve high-precision processing, reducing the need for high-cost precision fixtures, improve equipment accuracy and reduce processing costs.
4、Solar energy
Solar energy as one of the most valuable future green energy, is the national focus on the development of industry sectors. Short-term relative overcapacity of solar cell production equipment to put forward higher requirements, from silicon ingots, wafer purity, to the quality control of the processing and coating process, will ginkgo the final solar cell photoelectric installation efficiency, high-quality production line can reduce the scrap rate, thereby reducing production energy consumption and solar cell output ratio, so that solar energy becomes a truly clean energy. In the solar cell production process, through machine vision positioning, measurement, inspection and other technologies can greatly improve the yield rate and reduce production costs.
5、Semiconductor
Semiconductor technology is the root of the modern information industry, is also the earliest birthplace of machine vision technology. The 1990s, Europe and the United States semiconductor companies in the semiconductor industry, the application of image technology, so that it later gradually developed into today's machine vision technology, and become an indispensable key technology for the semiconductor industry. At the same time the semiconductor industry is huge, the industry Moore effect for the industry's processes continue to present challenges, but also for its production equipment in the machine vision requirements continue to increase.
6、PCB
Printed Circuit Board PCB (Printed Circuit Board, board is the main product carrier of electronic information products, in the PCB industry today, the development of relatively mature, industry competition is fierce, the comprehensive manufacturing capacity of high-performance equipment requirements are increasingly high. With the development of PCB manufacturing technologies such as multilayer boards, flexible boards and rigid-flexible boards, higher requirements are put forward for PCB production processes. In the PCB board manufacturing process machine vision technology is widely used in the film AOI, PCB AOI, PCB AVI, internal board AXI, PCB screen printing, automatic exposure machine, SPI, punching machine and other equipment, machine vision positioning, inspection and other vision technology can achieve rapid and accurate quality inspection and process, improve product quality and production efficiency, is a reliable equipment performance improvement guarantee.
7、SMT
Surface mount technology SMT (Surface Mount Technology, industry is following PCB after another key electronic information industry, is also the birthplace of Chinese machine vision equipment merchants, electronic components miniaturization, device mounting high density, device pin array complex and diversification are to modern SMT equipment to put forward higher requirements. Through the use of machine vision vision positioning, measurement, inspection and testing technology, to enhance the SMT equipment production efficiency, improve placement accuracy, enhance the stability of continuous placement work. Help SMT industry equipment upgrade and technology improvement.
8、Robot and factory automation
Industrial robots are multi-joint robots or multi-degree of freedom robots for industrial fields, which replace manual workers in industrial production to perform monotonous, frequent and long-time operations, or operations in dangerous and harsh environments, such as stamping, pressure forging, heat treatment, welding, painting, plastic product forming, machining and simple assembly, etc. It is an important symbol of the automation level of modern factories. The combination of robotics and vision technology can accomplish more accurate assembly, welding, processing, and handling.
9、Pharmaceutical
The production and processing of pharmaceuticals is a very strictly managed process, and any minor errors may cause serious consequences. Through machine vision means to achieve quality control and management control of the drug production process, improve the quality of drugs and packaging quality, to protect the lives of patients.
10、Logistics
Modern industrial production process management is the embodiment of modern production efficiency and sophistication, through the identification and tracking of bar codes and characters, can form a one-to-one correspondence between raw material devices, finished products, packaging boxes, product stacks, so that modern production with manageable, traceable type. For industrial products production industry management and device traceability, for food and beverage to prevent collusion and safety traceability, the automotive industry parts traceability has a very important application significance.
11、Automotive
Automotive industry as a relatively high degree of automation of high-tech industries, many advanced automation technology has been successfully used in the industry's various production processes. In many aspects of automotive manufacturing has been unmanned operation, which requires a reliable detection technology to verify the correctness of each assembly and the conformity of the assembled parts. Machine vision technology, with its unique technical advantages, is the first choice for automatic inspection systems. Machine vision has been widely used in various aspects of automotive manufacturing, such as dimensional and appearance quality inspection of automotive parts, and automatic assembly correctness inspection. The traditional inspection method used to consume a lot of manpower and is easily affected by workers' subjective emotions and their own skill level, which cannot guarantee a high inspection pass rate. Many automotive manufacturers began to try to use machine vision inspection to replace the traditional inspection methods, and achieved good results.
12、OCR
Optical Character Recognition OCR (Optical Character Recognition, in many industries, such as printing and packaging, logistics industry, a large number of printing quality inspection, packaging quality inspection, as well as product packaging on the bar code inspection and character recognition and other links. The common features of these applications are continuous high volume production, high requirements for appearance quality, high repeatability and intelligence. The accuracy, speed and reliability of machine vision in industrial environments are used for character recognition and barcode recognition to achieve automatic and efficient measurement, inspection and identification in the production process.
The traditional manufacturing industry is facing a new disruption, and the transformation and upgrading will bring huge market opportunities to the Chinese automation industry. And machine vision as a highly intelligent product in the automation world, the future has great potential for development.
