With the rapid development of electronic information industry and micro-processing technology, special miniaturization requirements have been put forward for the micro-energy required by them. Among them, all-solid-state thin-film lithium-ion secondary batteries have become the best choice for micro battery system requirements because of their high energy density, strong safety, long cycle life, wide operating voltage and light weight. All-solid-state thin-film lithium batteries have significantly increased energy density and may open up a new future.
All-solid-state thin-film lithium battery with significantly higher energy density
All-solid-state thin-film lithium battery is a battery composed of the elements of the battery on the substrate in the order of positive electrode, electrolyte, negative electrode, prepared in turn into a thin film, and finally encapsulated. The main advantages of all-solid-state thin-film lithium battery as a power source are that it can be made into any size and integrated directly into the circuit; superior charge/discharge cycle performance; large operating temperature range, suitable for many extreme situations.
The main difference is that there is no organic electrolyte in the battery, but a solid paper-like film electrolyte instead, which completely solves the safety hazard of electrolyte leakage. The performance of this battery is also excellent, with an energy density of 360Wh/kg, which is 60Wh/kg higher than the current commercial lithium-ion battery.
In the lithium batteries that dominate today's market, lithium ions travel from one electrode to another through a liquid electrolyte while the battery is charging, and then flow through in the opposite direction during use. These cells are very efficient, but the liquid electrolyte is chemically unstable and even flammable.
With the use of all-solid electrolytes, the applicable material system of lithium-ion batteries will also change. One of the core points is that it is not necessary to use graphite cathodes with embedded lithium, but directly use lithium metal for the cathode, which can significantly reduce the amount of cathode material and make the energy density of the whole battery significantly improved. Now many laboratories have been able to produce all-solid-state batteries with energy densities of 300-400Wh/kg on a small-scale trial basis.
Comparison of the characteristics of all-solid-state thin-film batteries and lithium-ion batteries
1、Safety
Solid-state lithium batteries have a greater operating temperature range, even if the short circuit occurs because of the local, only the polymer melts and becomes an insulator after melting. If thermal runaway occurs, the temperature of the battery is raised, lithium metal because the melting temperature is 180 degrees Celsius, even if it reaches 180 degrees Celsius, lithium is melted after the core is made to leave a space, lithium metal can go to the reserved place.
2、Small size
In traditional lithium-ion battery, it needs to use diaphragm and electrolyte, they add up to occupy nearly 40% of the volume and 25% of the mass in the battery. And if they are replaced with a solid electrolyte, the distance between the positive and negative electrodes can be shortened to even just a few to a dozen microns, so that the thickness of the battery can be greatly reduced.
3、The prospect of flexibility
The all-solid-state battery can be further optimized and turned into a flexible battery, thus bringing more functions and experiences. The degree of flexibility of all-solid-state batteries will also be significantly improved after the thinning and lightening, and by using appropriate encapsulation materials, the battery made can withstand hundreds to thousands of bends while ensuring basically no decay in performance.
Overall, the all-solid-state thin-film lithium battery is an important future development direction is the industry consensus, global industrial giants have accelerated the pace of layout, hoping to seize the first opportunity in the field of all-solid-state lithium batteries.
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