The current main market of lithium batteries lies in the application of portable terminal equipment, which makes high capacity once the main direction of lithium battery development. diversification trend.
The traditional mobile terminal market, such as mobile phones and notebook computers, requires high capacity because they often need to be used for a long time on a single charge. Apple iphone and ipad, which are popular all over the world, were criticized by consumers for not being used for a long time after a single charge. Therefore, when the new thenew ipad was released, the original 6500mAh capacity lithium battery was changed to a 14000mAh large capacity lithium battery. . This matter can be seen as a proof that the research and development of rechargeable batteries for portable terminals is oriented towards high capacity. For this reason, it is necessary to achieve high capacity even at the expense of lifespan, and the requirement for lifespan is generally about 2 years.
However, after the advent of the era of electric vehicles, the direction of research and development of lithium-ion batteries has changed. Now electric vehicles mainly include three types of hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and pure electric vehicles. For a hybrid vehicle, a large power exchange is required during acceleration and deceleration, so a high-power battery is ideal. On the contrary, pure electric vehicles only rely on power lithium batteries to provide electricity, so they need more support for large-capacity, and plug-in hybrid vehicles are in between. In this way, it can be concluded that in terms of high-power lithium battery requirements, hybrid vehicles > plug-in hybrid vehicles > pure electric vehicles; and in terms of large-capacity lithium battery requirements, it is just the opposite, pure electric vehicles > plug-in hybrid vehicles. > Hybrid. Of course, this is a comparison within different electric vehicles. On the whole, the capacity and power requirements of lithium batteries for electric vehicles are several times higher than those of portable terminals, and they also require higher life and safety. cannot enter the industrialization stage.
The performance requirements of large-scale energy storage facilities for fixed installations are also several times higher than that of electric vehicles. In terms of safety, for building power storage systems and household power storage systems, there must be a "fire" that will not burn. "High" safety performance, while lithium batteries for electric vehicles and portable terminals obviously do not have this requirement. The interior of energy storage facilities for fixed installations can also be divided into different main demands. For the grid power that is converted to the representative grid power during the peak period of daytime discharge for night storage, the battery is required to have a large capacity, such as lithium batteries for energy storage facilities for building systems. For photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation, high-power batteries with high resistance to output power changes must be used, because the output power of these two power generation devices varies greatly due to the great influence of natural factors.
With the transition and transformation of lithium batteries to large-scale applications, the lithium batteries themselves are unable to solve the fundamental problems. Therefore, lithium-ion capacitors that combine the advantages of lithium-ion batteries and traditional double-layer capacitors have emerged, and there are also new types of redox flow batteries. The new technology is in the stage of simultaneous research and development.
