Solar photovoltaic power generation is based on the principle of photogenerating volt effect, using solar cells to directly convert solar light energy into electrical energy. In theory, photovoltaic power can be used for anything that needs power, from spacecraft to household power, from megawatt power stations to toys.
Whether independent use or grid-connected power generation, photovoltaic power generation system is mainly composed of solar panels (components), controller and inverter, they are mainly composed of electronic components, do not involve mechanical parts, therefore, photovoltaic power generation equipment is extremely refined, reliable and stable long life, easy installation and maintenance.
First, the composition of solar photovoltaic power generation system
Solar photovoltaic power generation system consists of solar cell, solar controller, battery (group). If the output power is 220V ac or 110V ac, an inverter needs to be configured. The functions of each part are:
1, solar panel: solar panel is the core part of the solar power generation system, is also the most valuable part of the solar power generation system. Its function is to convert the solar radiation capacity into electric energy, or to storage battery, or to promote the load.
2, solar controller: the role of the solar controller is to control the working state of the whole system, and play a role of over-charge protection, over-discharge protection of the battery. Where the temperature difference is large, the qualified controller should also have the function of temperature compensation. Other additional functions such as light control switch, time control switch should be optional controller;
3, battery: generally lead-acid battery, small and micro systems, can also be used nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery or lithium battery. The idea is to store the electricity generated by solar panels when the sun shines and release it when needed.
4, inverter: the direct output of solar energy is generally 12VDC, 24VDC, 48VDC. In order to provide power to 220VAC appliances, it is necessary to convert the direct current power produced by the solar power generation system into AC power, so a DC-AC inverter is needed.
Two, the application of solar photovoltaic power generation
1. Solar power supply for users :(1) small power supply ranging from 10-100w is used for military and civilian living electricity in remote areas without electricity, such as plateau, islands, pastoral areas, border posts, etc., such as lighting, TV, radio recorder, etc.; (2) 3-5KW household roof grid-connected power generation system; (3) Photovoltaic water pump: to solve the deep water well drinking and irrigation in areas without electricity.
2. In the field of transportation, such as navigation lights, traffic/railway signal lights, traffic warning/sign lights, Yuxiang street lights, high altitude obstacle lights, highway/railway wireless telephone booths, unattended road class power supply, etc.
3, communication/communication field: solar unattended microwave relay station, optical cable maintenance station, broadcast/communication/paging power supply system; Rural carrier phone photovoltaic system, small communicator, GPS power supply for soldiers, etc.
4. Petroleum, Marine and meteorological fields: petroleum pipeline and reservoir gate cathodic protection solar power supply system, oil drilling platform living and emergency power supply, Marine testing equipment, meteorological/hydrological observation equipment, etc.
5, household lighting power supply: such as garden lamp, street lamp, hand lamp, camping lamp, hiking lamp, fishing lamp, black light, rubber cutting lamp, energy-saving lamp, etc.
6, photovoltaic power station: 10KW-50MW independent photovoltaic power station, scenery (firewood) complementary power station, various large parking plant charging station, etc.
7. Solar architecture will combine solar power generation with building materials, so that large buildings in the future can achieve self-sufficiency in electricity, which is a major development direction in the future.
8. Other fields include: (1) Supporting vehicles: solar cars/electric cars, battery charging equipment, automobile air conditioning, ventilation fans, cold drink boxes, etc.; (2) Solar hydrogen production and fuel cell regenerative power generation system; (3) Power supply for seawater desalination equipment; (4) Satellites, spacecraft, space solar power station, etc.
