The so-called solid-state battery is the use of solid electrolyte battery, compared to liquid electrolyte, solid-state battery energy density is much higher, if placed in the application of electric vehicles, the same situation, the vehicle will become smaller and lighter, of course, we have been thinking about beyond the fuel car range, completely get rid of the mileage anxiety of the electric car is also not under the words, does not sound a little excited?
So, are solid-state batteries really as readily available as Toyota describes?
Toyota is not alone, in the battery field it chose to cooperate with Panasonic batteries. Toyota and Panasonic battery cooperation project is a solid-state battery, and is in the form of a joint venture company, deeply bound interests. Because Panasonic battery is one of the closest suppliers to the landing of mass production of solid-state batteries, Toyota absolutely can not let it run.
A Toyota executive is confident in the development of solid-state battery technology, he believes that "we have entered a whole new era", solid-state battery development is much faster than expected, Toyota is bound to come up with new cars equipped with solid-state batteries in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Toyota, which has always suffered from modesty, can put out such a big "satellite", I am afraid that the internal view of solid-state batteries has been "stable".
And the current technical progress of the power battery industry can only be said to be evolutionary, and only when the solid-state battery mass production, it is truly revolutionary.
As we all know, a major technical bottleneck in the development of power batteries is the energy density of battery materials. There are two distinguishing dimensions of mass energy density (Watt/kg) and volume energy density (Watt/liter), but the core ideas are more or less the same.
The current mainstream battery cell energy density can reach 250 Watt hour/kg or 600+ Watt hour/liter. We rarely see the volumetric energy density displayed in the parameter tables of car manufacturers, but it is also extremely important in the development of battery packs, who does not want a heavy and large battery pack, right?
Volume energy density increased by 70% and we are going to talk about solid-state batteries, is the breakthrough point to solve the above constraints. Solid-state batteries can increase the mass energy density by 40% and the volume energy density by 70%, which means that solid-state batteries are lighter, smaller, more powerful and safer, and the manufacturing cost will be lower due to the use of organic films and inorganic materials such as glass and ceramics.
According to BMW's calculations, kinetic energy recovery can theoretically recover up to 60% of the kinetic energy, which means that the process of starting acceleration actually consumes more than 30% of the electrical output, so it is important that the battery pack is lightweight. On the other hand, in more and more modular designs, the battery pack becomes a modular component, such as VW's MEB platform, the three-dimensional space size of the battery pack and the passenger compartment space are inseparable from each other, and also inseparable from the wheelbase space, so that the space occupation must also be included in the core considerations.
Lithium metal electrode is the core In the current lithium-ion battery, the liquid electrolyte acts as an inactive medium to allow the lithium ions to move between the positive and negative electrodes. However, in the solid electrolyte, lithium metal can be used directly as the electrode, and graphite is no longer needed as the electrode, which greatly improves the density of lithium ions, and thus the energy density.
Lithium metal electrode is the core In current lithium-ion batteries, the liquid electrolyte acts as an inactive medium to move the lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes. However, in a solid electrolyte, lithium metal can be used directly as the electrode, eliminating the need for graphite as the electrode, greatly increasing the density of lithium ions, and thus the energy density.
Just as all revolutionary technologies come with technical challenges, the road to solid-state batteries is not a straightforward one. Although solid-state batteries are good, the future is still not clear enough Most battery industry experts are conservative about the development of solid-state batteries, even more conservative than Toyota, and generally believe that solid-state batteries may be mounted on mass-produced electric vehicles around 2025. For now, there is no solid-state battery that can PK with existing battery technology in terms of reliability, durability and manufacturing cost, let alone eliminate existing battery technology. Not to mention how to safely produce lithium metal electrodes with high purity at the moment, still can't get it right.
In contrast, the production of conventional liquid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries is almost no technical challenges, the world is in mass production, the cost has been geometrically reduced, so solid-state batteries want to replace conventional batteries in a short time, from the cost point of view, is not very realistic. Overall, I am optimistic about the development of solid-state batteries, similar to all technological revolutions, solid-state batteries to replace liquid electrolyte batteries, looks a bit out of reach, however, perhaps the arrival of the technology singularity, tomorrow.
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