Introduction to lithium ion batteries
Lithium-ion battery is a kind of battery which is made of lithium metal or lithium alloy as anode material and uses non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Because of the chemical characteristics of lithium metal is very active, making the processing, preservation and use of lithium metal, the environmental requirements are very high. Therefore, lithium-ion batteries have not been used for a long time. With the development of science and technology, lithium ion battery has become the mainstream.
18650 is the originator of lithium-ion battery -- a standard lithium-ion battery model set by Japan's SONY in order to save costs. 18 means 18mm in diameter, 65 means 65mm in length, and 0 means cylindrical battery.
Common 18650 battery is divided into lithium-ion battery, lithium-ion iron phosphate battery. The nominal voltage of lithium ion battery is 3.7V, and the charging cutoff voltage is 4.2V. The nominal voltage of lithium ion battery is 3.2V, and the charging cutoff voltage is 3.6V. The capacity is usually 1200mAh-3350mAh, and the common capacity is 2200mAh-2600mAh.
Advantages of lithium-ion batteries
1. High energy. It has a high storage energy density, which has reached 460-600Wh/kg, which is about 6-7 times that of lead-acid batteries.
2. Long service life, the service life can reach more than 6 years, lithium iron phosphate as positive battery 1C (100%DOD) charge and discharge, can be used 10,000 times record;
3. The rated voltage is high (the working voltage of the single unit is 3.7V or 3.2V), which is about equal to the series voltage of 3 nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride rechargeable batteries, so as to facilitate the formation of battery power group; Lithium ion battery can be adjusted to 3.0V through a new type of lithium ion battery voltage regulator technology, suitable for small electrical appliances;
4. With high power bearing capacity, in which the lithium ion battery of ferrous iron phosphate used in electric vehicles can reach 15-30C charge-discharge capacity, which is convenient for high strength start-up and acceleration;
5, the self-discharge rate is very low, which is one of the most prominent advantages of the battery, generally can do less than 1%/ month, less than 1/20 of the nickel hydride battery;
6, light weight, the same volume of the weight is about 1/6-1/5 of lead-acid products;
7, high and low temperature adaptability, can be used in -20℃--60℃ environment, after processing, can be used in -45℃ environment;
8, green environmental protection, no matter the production, use and scrap, do not contain, do not appear any lead, mercury, cadmium and other toxic and harmful heavy metal elements and substances.
Production basically does not consume water, which is very beneficial to the water shortage of our country. Specific energy refers to energy per unit weight or volume. Specific energy is expressed in Wh/kg or Wh/L. Wh is the unit of energy, W is watts, H is hours; KG is the kilogram (unit of weight) and L is the liter (unit of volume).
Disadvantages of lithium-ion batteries
1. The safety of lithium galvanic batteries is poor and there is a risk of explosion.
2. The lithium ion battery of lithium cobaltate can not discharge in large current, it is expensive and has poor safety.
3. Lithium-ion batteries need to protect the line to prevent the battery from being overcharged and overdischarged.
4. High production requirements and high cost.
5, the use of conditions are limited, high and low temperature use of danger.
Applications of lithium ion batteries
First, traffic power supply
Two, power storage power supply
III. Mobile communication power supply
Four, new energy storage power electricity
Five, aerospace and military power supply
The difference between lithium ion iron phosphate batteries and lithium ion batteries
Lithium-ion iron phosphate batteries are not the same as lithium-ion batteries.
1, lithium ion iron phosphate battery is used to do lithium ion secondary battery, now the important direction is power lithium battery, relative to Ni-H, Ni-CD battery has a great advantage.
2. Lithium-ion battery is a kind of battery which is made of lithium metal or lithium alloy as cathode material and uses non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The chemical characteristics of lithium metal are very active, which makes the processing, preservation and use of lithium metal very high environmental requirements.
3, lithium iron phosphate puncture does not fire does not explode, lithium ion battery will.
4, lithium iron phosphate resistant to 100% overcharge will not fire and explosion; Lithium-ion batteries will explode when they reach a specified value. The lithium-ion battery life theory of 18650 is 1000 cycles of charge. As the density of the unit capacity is very big, so most of the laptop battery, in addition, in 18650 at work stable performance is very good, is widely used in the electronics field: commonly used in high-grade light flashlight, portable power, wireless data transmission, electric thermal clothing, shoes and portable instruments and meters, portable lighting equipment, Portable printers, industrial instruments, medical instruments, etc.
Another advantage of 18650 lithium-ion battery is that the model is single and easy to achieve full automation production, so as to ensure the consistency of the battery batch, for large energy storage, electric vehicles and other areas to high voltage, large capacity; For example, Tesla cars use Panasonic's high-capacity 18650 lithium-ion batteries for series and parallel connection of more than 8,000 batteries, while most domestic car batteries also use this method; And more and more energy storage base stations, photovoltaic energy storage field, also choose to use 18650 lithium-ion battery series and parallel battery pack to replace the limited lead-acid battery with high pollution. Shanghai baoe industrial co., LTD., with strong development strength and mature experience, adopts imported cylindrical 18650 lithium-ion battery, and is also providing safe and reliable battery solutions for more and more customers who have this demand.
advantages
1, large capacity 18650 lithium-ion battery capacity is generally 1200mAh ~ 3600mAh, and the general battery capacity is only about 800mAh, if combined into 18650 lithium-ion battery pack, the 18650 lithium-ion battery pack is casually can break through 5000mAh.
The service life of 18650 lithium-ion battery is very long. The cycle life can reach more than 500 times in normal use, which is more than twice that of the ordinary battery.
3, high safety performance 18650 lithium ion battery has high safety performance, does not explode, does not burn; Non-toxic, pollution-free, RoHS trademark certification; All kinds of safety performance at one go, the number of cycles is more than 500 times; High temperature resistance, 65 degrees of discharge efficiency up to 100%. The anode and cathode of the 18650 lithium-ion battery are separated to prevent short circuit. So the possibility of short-circuiting has been reduced to the maximum. A protective plate can be added to prevent the battery from being overcharged and overdischarged, which can also extend the service life of the battery.
The voltage of 18650 lithium ion battery is generally 3.6V, 3.8V and 4.2V, which is much higher than the 1.2V voltage of nickel cadmium and nickel hydride battery.
5, no memory effect before charging will not empty the remaining electricity, easy to use.
