The unique feature of lithium iron phosphate battery is the olive crystal structure. The crystal is the shape after crystallization, divided into ions/molecules/atoms/metal crystals. The ionic crystals of lithium ion batteries take the shape of the ionic compounds in the positive electrode material. It means a crystal formed by the combination of positive and negative ions in a certain proportion through ionic bonds. Generally speaking, ionic crystals are brittle and hard, have high melting points and high boiling points, and can conduct electricity when they are melted or dissolved. All lithium ion batteries, including lithium iron phosphate battery technology, are based on ion conductivity.
Most of the internal crystal structure of the lithium ion battery positive electrode adopts a "spinel structure" arrangement. This is the case for lithium manganese oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, and ternary lithium batteries. This structure is composed of 8 small cubic units. The spar unit cell (the unit that makes up the crystal, can be literally understood as the crystal cell), and the unit cell is combined into an octahedral crystal structure. The olive-shaped crystals of lithium iron phosphate batteries are short pillars.
The above three kinds of lithium batteries with spinel structure have their own characteristics. Lithium cobalt oxide batteries have excellent overall performance, but have low capacity and safety problems. They are more expensive for market promotion; lithium manganese oxide batteries have good materials, low cost, and safety, but they have poor cycle performance and storage performance; three Yuan lithium battery is intended to reconcile the shortcomings of the two, the capacity has increased, and the stability of the structure has also improved safety, but the price is still relatively expensive, because it also needs strategic raw material cobalt. The general disadvantage of spinel lithium-ion batteries is that they have low power and are not suitable for large-scale.
The technical characteristics and economy of lithium iron phosphate batteries are suitable for large and medium-sized market scenarios. Specifically:
1. Moderate voltage of lithium iron phosphate battery: nominal voltage 3.2V, termination charging voltage 3.6V, termination discharge voltage 2.0V;
2. The theoretical capacity is large, and the energy density is 170mAh/g;
3. Good thermal stability and high temperature resistance;
4. Moderate energy storage, the cathode material is compatible with most electrolyte systems;
5. The termination voltage is 2.0V, which can discharge more capacity, and the discharge capacity is large and balanced;
6. The characteristics of the voltage platform are good, and the balance of the charge and discharge voltage platform can be close to that of a regulated power supply.
The above technical characteristics enable the realization of high power and safety ideals, which strongly promotes the large-scale application of lithium iron phosphate batteries.
In addition to technical characteristics, lithium iron phosphate batteries have two market advantages: 1. Cheap raw materials and rich resources;
2. No precious metals, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly products.
This makes the application of lithium iron phosphate batteries shine in the current new energy vehicle market and become the preferred energy storage technology for base stations.
