A. Energy storage market direction tends to be clear
After the unremitting efforts of colleagues in the energy storage industry in recent years, the development of the energy storage industry is thriving momentum, standardize and promote the development of the energy storage industry guidance documents and basic policies frequently, and in this context, the application of energy storage products in the field of energy storage market direction is also becoming increasingly clear. The development of the energy storage industry cannot be separated from the main body of electricity, finishing the application scenarios of energy storage products in the main body of electricity, including generation, transmission, distribution and use of these four links, and its functions can be summarized into four categories, namely, peak regulation, frequency regulation, enhance the stability and flexibility of the power system and improve power quality. Based on the value of these four categories of energy storage products in the power system, many subdivision applications are derived, and according to the existing power system tariff characteristics and related auxiliary services supporting policies, together with its economic benefits can be summarized in the following table.
Second, the energy storage market direction functional value and economic value of a brief analysis
1. Brief analysis of household side energy storage application
Brief analysis of household energy storage and commercial and industrial energy storage: Because of the existence of the peak-to-valley electricity price difference, the use of energy storage products "low charge, high discharge" is the easiest to see or the easiest to achieve arbitrage application scenarios, which is the starting point for many energy storage enterprises to make efforts. However, in terms of the function of energy storage units for power storage on the household side, it does not generate electricity itself, but is only a "mover" of electricity and also consumes electricity, which has decided that its revenue will not be very good simply as a "peak and valley reduction" application. Some enterprises use the way of investment construction and then leasing, based on the current peak-to-valley price difference and energy storage technology, these energy storage systems in most areas of China is not profitable more can not achieve long-term development. And with the power system reform, by reducing the cost of electricity users to benefit the people is the general trend, the people's will, therefore, even if the future realization of real-time power trading, the peak and valley spread further widening the possibility is not very big. And taking into account the electricity reform will gradually break the inter-provincial barriers to the transmission and sale of electricity, it may be more will further boost the price of electricity, so that energy storage units through the "peak and valley" to achieve the revenue will be smaller (unless the energy storage products have a "quality" breakthrough in terms of cost performance ). Therefore, the development of the household side of the energy storage system, must be combined with specific applications to enhance its economic features, such as both peak-shaving + backup power storage UPS, such as "energy storage system + charging pile" mode.
A brief analysis of energy storage UPS: the development of software applications is based on the improvement of hardware backup capabilities. With the development of the Internet, 5G, AI and other mobile communication and intelligent networks, the construction of communication base stations and data centers has exploded. For data centers and communication base stations, backup power is an extremely important part and is indispensable. By combining peak-to-valley tariff difference and backup power, the original battery "static asset" of data centers and communication base stations can be turned into "dynamic asset" and generate revenue, which greatly reduces the cost of operating electricity and battery usage cost of data centers and communication base stations. Therefore, its economy is good, and its technical application is not difficult to achieve breakthrough and verification, and it is relatively easy to overcome some boundary conditions.
Brief analysis of "energy storage + charging pile" mode: In order to change the energy structure of "lack of oil and gas" and improve the energy efficiency of energy use, it has become a basic strategy for national development to vigorously develop new energy electric vehicle industry. The trend is to improve the charging service capacity to match the development of electric vehicles. A large number of new charging piles will bring heavy burden to conventional transformers and transmission and distribution lines. The construction of a certain amount of energy storage devices at charging stations is beneficial to reduce the demand for voltmeter expansion and delay the upgrading of transmission and distribution. For the user side, the construction of energy storage power station in the charging station, can be carried out in the peak shaving and fill the valley at the same time, reduce the user capacity electricity costs, especially some charging stations, on the basis of the original upgrade transformer capacity, a short period of time can not be achieved, then, the energy storage system has become a necessity, its value can naturally be reflected. Therefore, I speculate that the application mode of "energy storage system + charging pile" will set sail with the development of electric vehicle industry.
A brief analysis of off-grid energy storage system: off-grid system power supply, precisely speaking, should not be placed in the household side of the energy storage application part, because it is a small micro-grid system, "small, but all the guts", but it is indeed closely related to the end user. Off-grid energy storage system is a necessity for some areas without electricity or unstable power, and it is an essential power unit to ensure the clean power demand of production and living throughout the day. Looking at the global off-grid power market, there are still a lot of opportunities for this application scenario, and there are many companies at home and abroad to layout and practice the application of energy storage products in this market.
2. Brief analysis of power-side energy storage applications
Vigorous development of photovoltaic, wind power and other new energy generation and increase its proportion of grid-connected, is not only China's development strategy, but also the global power development strategy. However, due to the randomness, intermittency and fast power change of new energy generation such as photovoltaic and wind power, the direct grid connection of a large number of new energy generation devices will have a great impact on the grid scheduling and control, and even cause some safety and stability accidents. Therefore, the higher the proportion of new energy generation connected to the grid, the greater the demand for units or energy storage devices with fast regulation function (another way is to directly "limit power"), so the application of energy storage system in the new energy generation side is "useful". However, although the current proportion of new energy generation on the grid is high, most of it is still within the range of the grid, or directly limited, so the functional value of energy storage devices is not yet very good economics to reflect.
For traditional generating sets, the AGC performance of the generating set is improved by incorporating energy storage system on the power side to assist in improving the frequency regulation capability of the set, which has been widely used and promoted. However, from a long-term perspective, with the lowering of the technical threshold for participation, the competition will become increasingly fierce, and the economy will also be lower.
3. Brief analysis of energy storage application on transmission and distribution side
There are a lot of studies on the application of energy storage in the transmission and distribution side at home and abroad. At present, it is mainly believed that the energy storage system can be an effective means to control the frequency stability of the grid by directly integrating into the grid side and intervening in the main network in the abnormal state of frequency. With the large-scale integration of fluctuating and intermittent new energy power into the grid, the application of large-scale energy storage system on the transmission side can significantly improve the acceptance capacity of the grid and effectively enhance the line transmission capacity. The rapid development of electric vehicles, charging piles, and distributed new energy generation also brings many challenges to the safety and stability of the distribution network, and a large amount of distributed energy storage will be an important part of the future energy optimization management and demand-side response of the distribution network. In addition to mobile energy storage in transmission and distribution side to play emergency response and rescue and other services, other yet no clear policy to support the application of energy storage system in transmission and distribution side, but some of its functional value has been reflected in the study, there may be some potential functional value is yet to be tapped, so the economic value of energy storage system in transmission and distribution side has not been well reflected yet.
