Comparative analysis of lithium battery, graphene battery and lead-acid battery. At present, there are mainly two kinds of batteries in the electric bicycle market: lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries. Lead-acid batteries have existed for more than 100 years, and their safety and stability have been highly affirmed, and they are widely used in car batteries, UPS, electric bicycles and other equipment. The following is to explain the comparative analysis of lithium battery, graphene battery and lead-acid battery.
Comparative analysis of lithium battery, graphene battery and lead-acid battery
Lithium battery mainly includes four components: positive electrode, negative electrode, diaphragm and electrolyte. The positive electrode material is generally some lithium-rich layered compound, and the common commercial positive electrode materials are lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate and ternary materials. Compared with lead-acid batteries, lithium batteries are relatively lightweight, easy to carry, higher energy density, and the life is relatively much longer, but more expensive and less stable.
Graphene battery is a new energy battery developed by using the characteristics of rapid and massive shuttle movement of lithium ions between graphene surface and electrode. As the thinnest, hardest and most conductive and heat-conducting new nanomaterial. Meanwhile, the weight of graphene polymer material battery is only 50% of the traditional battery, and the cost will be 77% lower than lithium battery. In terms of performance, a full graphene lithium battery will also take less than 10 minutes to charge once.
Lead-acid battery is mainly composed of tubular positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, electrolyte, spacer, battery tank, battery cover, pole post, liquid-filled cover, etc. Its electrode is composed of lead and lead oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. The main advantages are stable voltage and low price, but the disadvantages are low specific energy, relatively short service life and the need for frequent maintenance. It is undeniable that lead-acid batteries occupy the dominant position in the current market.
Comparison of lithium battery, graphene battery and lead-acid battery
The machinery and equipment used in the production of lithium batteries are expensive and of high value, and the depreciation and loss of machinery and equipment are large. Most processes in the production of lithium batteries are irreversible, while lead-acid batteries are reversible for repair and reuse. The recycling value of lead-acid batteries after use is more than 40%, while the recycling value of lithium batteries is almost zero.
Li-ion battery is more than 3 times higher than lead-acid battery in terms of volume specific energy and weight specific energy. Lithium battery is smaller, lighter and has a long cycle life. The cycle life of lithium batteries for electric vehicles is generally more than 800 times, using lithium iron phosphate cathode material lithium batteries can reach about 2000 times, more than lead-acid batteries 1.5 to 5 times, which greatly reduces the cost of using lithium batteries, extending the service life and improving the convenience of use.
Lead-acid battery is the secondary battery with the longest history of development, and is the first commercially available rechargeable battery in the world. The electrode of lead-acid battery is mainly made of lead and its oxide, and the electrolyte is a kind of battery with sulfuric acid solution. In the discharged state, the main component of positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the main component of negative electrode is lead; in the charged state, the main component of both positive and negative electrodes is lead sulfate.
Charging electric car lead-acid battery generally adopts three-stage charging mode. In the case of power depletion, the general charging time takes 8~10 hours. The graphene battery has the "fast charging function", with the professional charger, can achieve the effect of 1 hour charging 80%, more than 50 km range, battery charging time is greatly reduced. Even if it is charged for ten minutes, the range of the graphene battery reaches about 15km.
Lead-acid battery its service life, with the depth of discharge, overcharge degree, temperature, battery electrolyte sulfuric acid concentration, discharge current density, etc. have a close relationship. The graphene composite conductive slurry used in graphene batteries, the slurry has a multi-dimensional material system built out of triple technology, forming a stable nanostructure layer and skeletal conductive network inside, with a very stable composition.
With the promotion of environmental protection rectification, lead-acid batteries will also appear to transition to lithium batteries, while lithium vehicles will certainly usher in a wave of explosive period. Although graphene battery has many advantages that lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries do not have, but its technology must be developed in a breakthrough manner if it wants to become dominant. Therefore, the application of lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries in the future new national standard electric vehicles is becoming more and more obvious.
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