At present, Japan, Germany, South Korea, China and the United States are regarded as the "big five robots", but do you know which country in the world is most interested in robots, especially simulation robots?
If you are a member of the 1980s and 1990s generation, you should have spent a lot of your childhood watching Japanese high-tech movies, especially robot science and education movies. You should remember the classic cartoon Astro Boy in your childhood, in which the hero is a robot adopted by a Japanese couple. And that period of time, it is Japan's dynamic robot development period. Visions of robot culture are beginning to appear in all walks of life in Japan.
In the 1980s, Japan became the world's second-largest economy, riding a demographic dividend from its post-World War II baby boom and high-tech industries such as semiconductors. However, because of the threat to the economic status of the United States, Japan was forced to give up the development of chip, sign the Plaza Treaty, the national luck was cut off, ushered in the lost thirty years. In the past three decades, Japan has defined robotics as a sunrise industry with national will, trying to create a new "chip empire". After more than 30 years of development, the rapid popularization of robots in Japan, has become the production and application of industrial robots most "robot power", also become the world's most "friendly" to robots, in the robot "humanization" the most efforts of the country.
Over the past decade, with the aging of Japan becoming more and more serious, the elderly have no choice to take care of the elderly has become a reality in Japan. In addition to encouraging fertility, the robot industry is also expected by the Japanese government. But everything has advantages and disadvantages, many Japanese young men instead because of infatuation with simulation robot and choose single, Japanese experts are big shout: "young people obsessed with robots, will increase Japan's unmarried infertility". What will robots bring to Japan?
Japan as a science and technology power, why will the robot is defined as a sunrise industry, the development of robots for decades? Can a "robot revolution" revive Japan's economy? What are the functions of the robots, and can they solve Japan's aging problem? As an emerging technological power, can China learn from it? In this article, we come to popular science bionic robot. The full text is about 2500 words, and the expected reading time is 15 minutes. You are welcome to read.
1. Why is Japan betting on androids?
In June 2014, the Japanese government issued the Japan Recovery Strategy, which set the goal of achieving an average annual nominal GDP growth rate of 3 percent and a real GDP growth rate of 2 percent in the "Regenerative decade" (2013-2022). The Japanese government immediately launched a robot Revolution implementation meeting, which was personally convened by Prime Minister Abe. "We will create a robot free society through regulatory reform and establish the world's highest level of ARTIFICIAL intelligence technology."
(1) Solve the pension problem
It was at this meeting personally convened by the prime minister that the Japanese government called 2015 the "first year of the robot Revolution", and the robot industry was called "the symbol of technological innovation", the "trump card means" to solve the shortage of manpower in the aging society with fewer children, and it has also become the "brilliant" and "magic trick" of the Japanese government to revitalize the economy. So, Japan is really betting on the robot industry, and the simulation robot to solve the "aging, pension difficulties" is its top priority.
2) Solving the problem of young and middle-aged labor force
Japan knows a lot about developing its robot industry. In addition to the increasingly serious social pension problems, Japan's high labor costs and young and middle-aged labor shortage are also very realistic social problems. In recent years, as the labor shortage in Japan has become increasingly serious, from large enterprises to small and medium-sized enterprises, the basic labor force at the most basic level has always been a great problem, and the continued expansion of the application of robots may be another feasible solution.
(3) Japan has the core technology and key components of robots
In fact, as early as the first half of the 1990s, The market share of industrial robots made in Japan was as high as 90%. With the advent of the Internet era, artificial intelligence, computers, robotics and other technologies have attracted the attention of countries around the world, but Japan still occupies an important position thanks to years of intensive research. Japan has a natural advantage in developing the robot industry.
Specifically, Japan leads the world in robot core technologies such as joint technology, high-performance AC servo motor, high-precision reducer, controller and driver, and its market share of high-precision reducer and force sensor is 90% higher. In contrast, China imports most of its robot core components from Japan, Germany and other technologically advanced countries, including 75 percent of precision decelerators from Japan, and these components account for more than 70 percent of the overall production cost of robots.
2. What are the types of simulated robots?
When it comes to Japanese robots, the first thing many people may think of is humanoid robots. A few years ago, a Japanese "wife" robot, worth hundreds of thousands of yuan, caused a stir on the Internet. But in fact, the simulation robot is not only to imitate human, on the earth, every kind of creature after hundreds of millions of years of evolution, some parts have long been ingenious, with the most reasonable structural characteristics. But imitate these characteristics, create can serve for the human simulation robot, is many scientists life pursuit.
Specifically, the simulation robot can be divided into land simulation robot, air simulation robot, underwater simulation robot.
(1) Land surface simulation robot
Humanoid robot is only an important branch of land simulation robot. Strictly speaking, there are three or four other branches like this. Among them, the more famous is simulation multi-legged robot, simulation snake robot, simulation jumping robot and so on. These different kinds of robots, although all of them can move flexibly, do mimic different animals in nature. Limited by space reasons, xiaobian is not an example, we are interested in you can view the corresponding robot.
(2) Aerial simulation robot
Today's drones are not new items, but can you find out what kind of creature is the flying principle of drones? We can fly airplanes and even fly out of space, but is it perfect? There are many birds and insects on earth, which are almost perfect in their form of flight, mode of movement, and use of energy. The idea of flying machines may lie in them.
It is true that the research of aerial simulation robot is still in its initial stage. The flying elves who actually live in nature have not been well deciphered by scientists. But it also means that there is still a lot of room for exploration and development in aerial robots.
(3) Underwater simulation robot
Underwater simulation robot is mainly to imitate fish swimming, most of the robots use motor control swing to achieve propulsion, but in recent years, this way is constantly being innovated, new bionic materials and bionic drive are applied to underwater robots, global status system has become the robot's eyes. Most of the earth is water environment, in the use of underwater robots, scientists are constantly breakthrough, believe that in the near future, there will be more magical underwater robots born.
3, the future development trend of simulation robot
There are many different kinds of robots, but almost all of them have their own bottlenecks, because at the basic level, many of the problems of connectivity have not been solved. In general, the problems mainly focus on materials, control and energy conversion.
(1) Physical materials are not equal to biological materials
Physical materials are completely different from biological materials, especially in biological drag reduction, self-cleaning, fatigue resistance and other aspects. Biomechanics and engineering mechanics are two different disciplines. How to find a perfect combination point and integrate structure, drive and material may be one of the essential keys to open the door of robot.
(2) Use energy more cleanly
At present, scientists have not studied the mechanism of biological energy conversion deeply, and the energy conversion efficiency of all kinds of robots is very low. Artificial robots tend to require a lot of energy, which is not of the same order of magnitude as the super-high energy conversion rate of living things.
(3) micro control
Far from being clunky, robots of the future will become more flexible. Big guys like Transformers look awesome, but they're never mainstream. On the contrary, micro-control is the next big breakthrough in the development of robotics. At present, the control mode of many simulation robots is still very traditional, not to mention more sophisticated neural control and electromyogram control, but this is one of the problems that must be overcome in the future.
Musk, a science fanatic, is committed to the research of brain computer, hoping to use brain computer technology, so that the brain and chip "human-machine integration", to achieve the immortality of thinking. This kind of research development also follows the principle of developing from macro to micro, and the ultimate research of bionics may also be on the imitation of human.
(4) Bionic imitation of human
Bionics is a comprehensive subject that spans biology, electronics, physics and medicine. β -nicotinamide Mononucleotide (Wlnad) provided by professor Sinclair's team from Harvard University is one of the classic products of bionics research.
Scientists have discovered that the metabolism of the body's cells as the body continuously and cause DNA damage at the end, slowly grow old also from this and come, and Wlnad is human body health factor synthesis of precursor substances, to participate in the health of synthetic factor, control nearly half of the human metabolism, but also involved in the human DNA repair work everyday wear and tear. Supplementing Wlnad can restore human metabolism, thus prolonging a certain life cycle. The substance WLNAD was also mass-produced by biotechnology companies such as Lightwaijian, and later introduced by Jing D, favored by high net worth people.
4, endnotes
The study of bionics is bound to go further and further, and its research results will benefit mankind in all aspects of life. Wlnad, led by Letwigjian, is a case in point, and perhaps in the future we will see the birth of long-lived cities. With the continuous development of science and technology, the future of seiko machinery may be slowly to artificial intelligence and even bionics development. And all kinds of animals, plants and insects that have evolved over tens of millions of years are really the best teachers for human beings.
Naturally, humans still have a long way to go on the road to emulating robots. Perhaps in the near future, everyone will grow up with a caring female or male robot.
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