Lithium-ion batteries are not harmful to the human body and the environment during normal use, but if the discarded lithium-ion batteries are not handled properly, they will cause harm to the environment, and then use them to the surrounding creatures and human bodies through environmental use. This is important because chemical substances such as lithium hexafluorophosphate and polypropylene (alcohol) contained in lithium-ion batteries can cause organic pollution to the environment. In addition, the heavy metal elements such as cobalt contained in it will also cause harm to the environment.
For example, in the treatment of waste lithium-ion batteries, first of all, it must be pretreated, including discharge, dismantling, crushing, and sorting; the plastic and iron shells after dismantling can be recycled; then the electrode materials are subjected to alkali leaching, Acid leaching, followed by various procedures followed by extraction.
Electrolytes and their conversion products of waste lithium-ion batteries, such as LiPF6, LiAsF6, LiCF3S03, HF, P201, etc., solvents and their decomposition and hydrolysis products, such as DME, methanol, formic acid, etc., are toxic and harmful substances, or waste lithium The ion battery should be sent to a qualified place for unified disposal, and should not be discarded at will.
Lithium-ion batteries contain a variety of toxic substances, which are highly corrosive and polluting. In addition, waste lithium-ion battery electrolyte contains highly toxic, flammable, explosive, and corrosive electrolytes and organic solvents. If discarded or leaked at will, it will cause pollution and damage to the atmosphere, water and soil. Moreover, electrolyte leakage and high temperature will cause dangers such as battery explosion and fire, which directly threaten people's lives and properties.
In addition, a series of pollutants will appear in the process of crushing and sorting and high-temperature pyrolysis pretreatment of waste lithium-ion batteries, such as decomposition of electrolyte, pyrolysis of plastic film, crushing dust, waste residue, etc. These pollutants not only It causes serious pollution to the atmosphere and water body and is seriously corrosive to the equipment. At the same time, the various acid-base leaching agents, extractants and active additives to be added in the process not only increase the cost of the recovery process, but also cause waste of resources and New energy consumption, and a large amount of waste water, waste gas, waste residue, waste additives and other new secondary pollution.
The harm of used batteries is mainly concentrated on the small amount of heavy metals contained in them, such as lead, mercury, cadmium and so on. These toxic substances enter the human body through various ways, and it is difficult to eliminate long-term accumulation, damage the nervous system, hematopoietic function and bones, and even cause cancer.
1. Mercury (Hg) has obvious neurotoxicity, and also has adverse effects on the endocrine system, immune system, etc., which will cause rapid pulse, muscle tremors, oral and digestive system lesions;
2. Cadmium (Cd) element enters the human body through various ways, long-term accumulation is difficult to eliminate, damages the nervous system, hematopoietic function and bones, and even can cause cancer;
