Power batteries have four main materials, that is, anode materials, cathode materials, electrolyte and diaphragm. In the future, lithium-ion battery materials must be Chinese enterprises, because China's lithium-ion battery materials suppliers have now achieved from "imitation - follow - catch up" across, now in the road of successive "catch up".
In the cathode materials, domestic enterprises are forming a "catching up" trend in terms of technology and scale, and the future development prospects are promising.
In negative electrode materials, domestic enterprises have the advantage of leading in all aspects and their professional status is now constituted, which is difficult to be surpassed in the short term.
In electrolyte, because the patent and central additives are controlled by foreign enterprises, and the formula is restricted by the client, domestic electrolyte manufacturers have actually been reduced to a foundry.
In terms of diaphragm, domestic enterprises are slow to progress in skills, and new systems have not been broken, failing to deal with the problem essentially.
In order to improve the thermal stability of the diaphragm and the wettability of the electrolyte, domestic enterprises are generally coated with a layer of ceramic or perhaps organic material coated with rubber on the diaphragm, the most will even be coated with 5 layers, although the coating will improve the function, but together with the battery space, adding to the battery weight.
In addition, the battery auxiliary information, although very important, but has not been the domestic enterprise attention, and therefore auxiliary information for a long time by foreign enterprises monopoly, but also the easiest to be card neck.
Now many domestic battery material suppliers have started to rise, with Ningde Time together with the growth of suppliers are cathode material supplier Dansheng technology and Xiamen tungsten; negative electrode material supplier Jiangxi Zichen and Kaijin energy; electrolyte material supplier Tianzhi material, new Zuobang and Jiangsu Guotai; barrier material supplier Shanghai Enjie and star source material.
Now, the primary suppliers of Japanese and Korean battery enterprises are still Japanese and Korean material enterprises, although they have certain advantages over domestic enterprises in terms of quality, but the acquisition cost is higher. For example, Panasonic imported Xiamen tungsten in the positive material suppliers; negative material suppliers imported Betray and Jiangxi Zichen, etc.
How to break through the technology of key materials
How to breakthrough should still depend on the use of scenarios, according to the use of scenarios to determine how to break the bottleneck. Let's say the future of new energy cars become mainstream, long-range new energy cars, but what kind of new energy cars are the most practical for consumers?
He thought that if as a city car, in fact, there is no need to seek more than 500 km range of new energy cars, because often we go to work and back will not exceed 200 km, too long range will only increase the cost. Therefore, new energy cars should be distinguished as national cars and senior cars more appropriate.
If this distinction, the power battery will be applicable to the national car of lithium iron phosphate and ternary lithium batteries for senior cars. "According to this judgment, the direction of the cathode material can be derived, one is lithium iron phosphate, dealing with safety and cost issues, suitable for national cars; the second is high nickel cathode, dealing with range and cost issues, suitable for senior cars. The technical breakthrough of high nickel cathode material lies in the short-range to solve the cost problem, specifically, is to shorten the process from mine to ternary; also need cross-border innovation to deal with safety issues, systematic treatment, rather than a single way to deal with, because a single way can not completely deal with the problem.
Lithium iron cathode material skills to break the direction lies in.
First, the short-range
Second, the need for integration skills.
Third, the high energy density, the pole piece density needs 2.8g/cc.
Fourth, the use of LFP lithium additive, which is the key to the energy density of lithium iron batteries to 200-220wh/Kg.
On the technical breakthrough of anode materials
On the carbon anode material, the need to improve the function of natural and artificial graphite and reduce the price; on the Si system anode material, the need to completely overturn its process skills, from the beginning of the equipment, to take into account the recycling problem. Eventually, SiOx and nanosilicon will be achieved within 40,000 tons through cross-border integration and innovation.
On other types of negative electrode materials, it is not applicable now, and perhaps not yet commercialized.
In terms of diaphragm, because the function of the diaphragm is primarily ion conduction and electron barrier. The pain point customers now face is that the safety factor is not high enough to constrain the high energy density design.
The treatment idea is to deal with it from the essence, rather than passively. It is better to apply directly without coating, rather than the need to apply multiple layers of coating as it is now.
In addition, the battery auxiliary material is actually a forgotten central key, which determines the overall function of the battery.
In general, the power battery key material skills to break the idea are, material utility, process short course; system, integrated development; cross-border integration of innovation; simplicity of several.
The direction of power battery development
For now, lithium-ion batteries are used in new energy cars, the only choice, in the short term, other batteries are difficult to replace. Although the all-solid-state battery feels good, but it is not yet applicable. 350wh/Kg may be the tipping point of fuel cars and new energy cars PK.
Finally, from the lead-acid batteries, alkaline batteries have been developed for so long have not been replaced, it can be seen, lithium-ion batteries at least 30 years of development, "we do not reject new skills, new things, but still to be practical, lithium-ion battery development for decades, there is now a certain basis, there is a precipitation, it is still necessary to sink, gather lithium, so as to promote the new energy The development of more practical significance.
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