The lithium production process in the front part of the corresponding lithium equipment mainly includes vacuum mixer, coating machine, roller press, etc.; the middle part of the process mainly includes die-cutting machine, winding machine, laminating machine, liquid injection machine, etc.; the back part of the process includes chemical formation machine, sub-volume testing equipment, process storage logistics automation, etc. In addition, the production of battery packs also requires Pack automation equipment.
The production process of lithium battery is complex, and the main production process mainly covers the stirring and coating stage of electrode production (front section), the winding and liquid injection stage of cell synthesis (middle section), and the packaging and testing stage of chemistry packaging (back section), with a value (purchase amount) ratio of about (35~40%): (30~35)%: (30~35)%. According to coating online, the differences mainly come from different equipment suppliers, import / domestic ratio differences, etc., the process is basically the same, the value volume share deviation but overall in line with the ratio.
The result of the front-end process of lithium battery is to complete the preparation of lithium battery positive and negative pieces, the first process is mixing, that is, positive and negative solid battery materials are mixed evenly and then added to the solvent, stirred into a slurry by vacuum mixer. The mixing of dosing is the basis for the subsequent process of lithium battery, and the high quality mixing is the basis for the completion of the subsequent coating and rolling process with high quality.
After the coating and rolling process is the slitting, that is, the slitting process for the coated fabric. If the slitting process produces burrs, the subsequent assembly, electrolyte injection and other procedures, and even the use of the battery in the process of safety hazards. Therefore, the front-end equipment in the lithium production process, such as mixers, coating machines, roller presses, slitting machines, etc. is the core of the battery manufacturing machine, the quality of the entire production line, so the value of the front-end equipment (amount) accounted for the highest proportion of the entire lithium automatic production line, about 35%.
Mixing material (positive and negative active material + conductive agent + binder + dispersant) - coating ----- roller press ------- slitting ----- lug welding ---- winding (or then gasket) - sticker - into the cell shell - welding - sealing - chemistry, etc.; basically the entire industry battery production process is about the same The main difference is that the equipment is different or the battery products are different, such as soft pack general laminated, cylindrical winding, square winding and laminated coexist; resulting in different cells in the winding process; the most important and core technology in the mixing and coating, and the final formation.
Lithium battery manufacturing process, the middle process is mainly to complete the formation of the battery, the main processes include production, pole winding, die-cutting, core winding molding and stacking molding, etc., is a relatively competitive area for domestic equipment manufacturers, accounting for about 30% of the value of lithium battery production line.
At present, the power lithium battery cell manufacturing process mainly has two kinds of winding and stacking, corresponding to the battery structure form mainly cylindrical and square, soft package three, cylindrical and square battery mainly using winding process production, soft package battery is mainly using the stacking process. Cylindrical mainly to 18650 and 26650 as the representative (Tesla developed a separate 21700 battery, is being promoted industry-wide), the difference between the square and soft package is the shell are used in the hard aluminum shell and aluminum-plastic film two, which is mainly soft package laminated process, the aluminum shell is mainly winding process.
According to coating online understanding, soft package structure form mainly for the high-end digital market, unit product profitability is higher, in the same capacity conditions, the relative profit is higher than the aluminum shell battery. As the aluminum shell battery easy to form the scale effect, product qualification rate and cost control is easy, the two currently have considerable profits in their respective market areas, in the foreseeable future, both are difficult to be completely replaced.
As the winding process can be achieved through the speed of high-speed production of electric cores, while the laminating technology can improve the speed is limited, so the domestic power lithium battery is mainly used in the winding process, so the volume of shipments of winding machine is currently greater than the laminating machine.
Winding and stacking production corresponding to the previous process for the production and die cutting of the pole piece. The production process includes welding of the slit pole/ear, dusting of the pole, applying protective tape, wrapping of the pole and cutting of the lug and rewinding or fixed-length cutting.
In the lithium package welding, the mainstream laser technology integration application manufacturers of Lianwin, GrandTech and Everbright are involved and can meet the demand without import.
Li-ion back-end process: the core link of the splitting and forming
Lithium after the production process is mainly divided into four processes: capacitance, formation, testing and packaging into storage, accounting for about 35% of the value of the production line. As the most important link in the process of forming and dividing, the activation and testing of the formed battery is carried out, and the value of the equipment is the highest due to the long charge and discharge test cycle of the battery. The main function of the forming process is to charge and activate the battery cells after liquid injection and packaging, while the dividing process is to test the battery capacity and other electrical performance parameters after activation and grading. Forming and dividing are done by forming machine and dividing machine respectively, usually by automated dividing and forming system.
Lithium Pack Process: Seems simple but needs to be combined with systemic design
Pack is the key to power battery system production, design and application, and is the core link connecting upstream cell production and downstream vehicle application, usually the design requirements are put forward by the cell factory or auto factory, and usually done by the battery factory, auto factory or third party. Pack factory to complete.
Lithium Battery Pack production line is relatively simple, the core process includes loading, bracket paste, welding, testing and other processes, the core equipment for laser welding machine and all kinds of paste testing equipment. According to the coating online understanding, the major lithium equipment manufacturers in this area of automation integration layout is less, while the Grand Nation Laser, Lianwin laser and other laser equipment manufacturers due to the absolute advantage in the field of laser, a higher share in the Pack equipment field.
The current automation ratio of Pack production is relatively low, because the current sales of new energy vehicles are not large enough for a single vehicle, the cost of the automated production line on the higher.
Lithium iron phosphate and ternary: energy density can not get around the topic, different materials require a full set of equipment investment
At present, the domestic mainstream power lithium battery cathode material is divided into lithium iron phosphate and ternary two major types. Lithium iron phosphate is currently the safest lithium-ion battery cathode material, its cycle life is usually more than 2000 times, coupled with the price and technical thresholds due to industrial maturity, making many manufacturers for a variety of factors will use lithium iron phosphate. However, lithium iron phosphate battery in the energy density of the obvious defects, the current lithium iron phosphate battery leader BYD lithium iron phosphate single cell energy density of 150Wh, the end of 2017 BYD is expected to increase the energy density to 160Wh, theoretically lithium iron phosphate energy density is difficult to exceed 200Gwh.
Ternary lithium polymer batteries are lithium batteries using lithium nickel cobalt manganate as the cathode material, the actual ratio of nickel cobalt manganese can be adjusted according to specific needs. As ternary lithium batteries have a higher energy density (Ningde Time and other first-class power battery ternary lithium battery energy density can generally reach 200Wh/kg-220Wh/kg, the industry is expected to reach 300Wh/kg energy density of ternary battery cells by 2020), the passenger car market began to turn to ternary lithium batteries, while in the higher safety requirements of passenger cars Lithium iron phosphate is more popular. With the development of all-electric passenger cars, ternary lithium batteries are occupying an increasingly important position.
The energy density and cost of the two materials have differences, different cars, different car companies have different choices. According to the coating online, the two in the production process is roughly the same, the difference is mainly in the use of materials and ratios are different, the specific process parameters vary greatly, the equipment can not be common production line, and simply transform the cost of switching capacity is high (ternary materials on the vacuum dehumidification and other strict requirements, before the lithium iron phosphate production line basically no dehumidification requirements), so many electric core factory in the capacity planning will be laid out at the same time Therefore, many electric core factories in the capacity planning will be laid out at the same time, and purchase equipment separately.
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