In recent years, due to the relevant interest-driven, coupled with the impact of imperfect recycling system and other factors, China's illegal recycling of used lead batteries, violent dismantling, clay smelting cases repeatedly, the pollution is alarming. It is reported that at least 60% of the used lead batteries in China flow into informal channels every year, hundreds of thousands of tons of lead-containing waste acid are directly dumped, and the recycling and disposal system of used lead batteries needs to be improved.
In order to prevent and control the environmental risks of waste lead batteries, recently, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the National Development and Reform Commission and other nine departments jointly issued the "Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Waste Lead Batteries" (hereinafter referred to as "Action Plan"), jointly carry out the prevention and control of waste lead batteries pollution action, the overall goal is to rectify the illegal collection and treatment of waste lead batteries environmental pollution, the implementation of the extended producer responsibility system, and improve the standard collection of waste lead batteries Treatment rate. At the same time, also put forward specific goals: by 2020, lead battery manufacturers through the implementation of the extended producer responsibility system to achieve a standardized collection rate of 40% of waste lead batteries; by 2025, the standardized collection rate of 70% of waste lead batteries; standardized collection of waste lead batteries all safe use of disposal.
Main risks: waste lead battery collection and utilization link
Waste lead battery has been a piece of heart disease in China in the management of environmental pollution, especially sewage and land pollution. Zhang Mingquan of the China Electrical Appliances Industry Association (CEAI) explained that the battery in the electronic table, for example, a button battery placed in the soil can pollute the surrounding land of about 6 cubic meters, and if a large car lead battery is disposed of in the soil, imagine how large the scope of pollution.
Zhang Mingquan said, from the current market, lead batteries are mainly concentrated in all kinds of cars, which are mainly fuel-consuming cars and motorcycles and other motor vehicles. Motorcycles, such as small locomotives, are mainly found in third and fourth-tier cities and some towns and villages, while cars and large trucks can be found everywhere. Each motor vehicle needs electricity to support the operation of the meter, the source of electricity is the lead battery, the larger the motor vehicle, the larger the battery used.
The person in charge of the Department of Solid Waste and Chemicals of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment said that in recent years, China's lead battery and recycled lead industry has developed rapidly and has become the world's largest producer and consumer of lead batteries. According to the relevant units, in 2017, China's lead battery production exceeded 40% of the total global production, and the amount of waste lead batteries generated was about 3.8 million tons. Waste lead batteries containing lead and lead-containing acid, with high resource utilization value, is the second largest source of lead metal in China, but if dismantled, processing and utilization is not standardized it may lead to leakage of lead and lead-containing acid, causing environmental pollution of the atmosphere, water bodies and soil, and even damage human health, resulting in greater ecological and environmental risks.
In the view of the person in charge, the environmental risk of waste lead battery mainly exists in two links: First, the collection link, due to the difficulty and high cost of lead-containing acid treatment, a few waste lead battery using enterprises to buy "pour acid" batteries at high prices or buy illegal smelting of crude lead, inducing a few collectors to dismantle and dump acid illegally from waste lead batteries, causing environmental pollution. This causes environmental pollution. Second, the use of waste lead battery disposal process will produce wastewater, exhaust gas, waste residue, if improperly treated will pollute the atmosphere, water and soil; coupled with the illegal recycling process of waste lead battery is simple, easy to flow, difficult to monitor, especially in remote areas, illegal recycling of lead smelting activities are repeatedly prohibited, seriously polluting the ecological environment.
Response focus: implementation of the extended producer responsibility system
The implementation of the extended producer responsibility system is an important part of the prevention and control of environmental risks of waste lead batteries. The "Action Plan" provides that by the end of 2019 to complete the development and release of lead-acid battery recycling management methods, the implementation of extended producer responsibility. Develop and publish management methods for the recycling of lead-acid batteries, and implement extended producer responsibility. Give full play to the lead-acid battery production and recycling of lead backbone enterprises, encourage recycling enterprises to rely on the producer's marketing network to establish a reverse recycling system, lead-acid battery manufacturers, importers through self-built recycling system or cooperation with the social recycling system, etc., to establish a standardized recycling system. Encourage lead battery manufacturers to carry out ecological design and increase the proportion of recycled raw materials; encourage lead battery manufacturers and lead smelting enterprises to complement each other's advantages and support the use of existing lead smelting technology and equipment to deal with waste lead batteries. Strengthen the management of recycled lead enterprises, and promote the scale and clean development of recycled lead enterprises.
In this regard, Zhang Mingquan also said that for a long time, experts and scholars in industries related to the recycling and treatment of waste lead batteries have been calling for the implementation of the extended producer responsibility system by drawing on the successful experience of other countries. Countries and regions such as the United States, Japan and the European Union have built collection networks and have established a more complete collection and treatment system for waste lead batteries, and the collection rate has generally exceeded 90%, and some have even approached 100%.
In addition, in order to improve the standard collection and processing rate of waste lead batteries, the "Action Plan" also proposes to crack down on illegal and criminal acts involving waste lead batteries.
First, crack down on and seriously investigate and deal with illegal and criminal acts involving waste lead battery enterprises. Crack down on the illegal collection and dismantling of waste lead batteries, illegal smelting of recycled lead and other environmental crimes. Strengthen the inspection of lead battery manufacturers, primary lead enterprises and recycled lead enterprises involving waste lead battery violations, no hazardous waste business license to receive waste lead batteries, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation of the system of hazardous waste transfer coupons, illegal disposal of waste acid, as well as illegal reception of "pour acid" battery, recycled crude lead, lead paste lead plate and other acts To be investigated and punished in accordance with the law.
Second, strengthen the tax supervision of recycled lead enterprises. Daily verification and risk assessment on the implementation of taxation of recycled lead enterprises, and tax audits on enterprises suspected of tax evasion and fraud and false invoicing and other serious tax violations in accordance with the law.
Third, to carry out joint discipline. The information of illegal enterprises and personnel involved in waste lead batteries will be included in the list of illegal and untrustworthy in the field of ecology and environment, which will be publicized on the national credit information sharing platform, "Credit China" website and the national enterprise credit information public display system to implement public exposure and carry out joint disciplinary actions.
Work highlights: piloting the centralized collection and cross-regional transfer system for waste lead batteries
For how to improve the collection system of waste lead batteries, "Action Plan" also put forward clear requirements: improve the supporting legal system, the revision of the "National Hazardous Waste List"; select areas with conditions to carry out centralized collection of waste lead batteries and cross-regional transfer system pilot; strengthen the management of waste lead battery generation sources in the auto repair industry. Among them, select areas with conditions to carry out centralized collection of waste lead batteries and cross-regional transfer system pilot is a major highlight of the "Action Plan".
In the opinion of the above-mentioned person in charge, "the action plan" proposed to select the areas with conditions to carry out centralized collection of waste lead batteries and cross-regional transfer system pilot, the main purpose is to further expand the number of legitimate collection of waste lead battery enterprises under the premise of environmental risk control, for waste lead battery collection, storage and transfer of transport to provide convenience, improve efficiency and reduce costs. " The orderly implementation of this work will help promote the establishment of a standardized and orderly collection and treatment system, and improve the effectiveness of waste lead battery pollution prevention.
To ensure the effectiveness of the pilot work, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the Ministry of Transport jointly issued a "pilot program of centralized collection and cross-regional transfer system for lead battery manufacturers," which clarifies the general requirements, the scope of the pilot, focusing on the establishment of centralized collection model for lead battery manufacturers, standardize the management requirements of waste lead battery transfer, and strengthen the supervision and management of waste lead battery collection and transfer information .
The person in charge said that the next step will be combined with the pilot work, the revision and improvement of the "Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Law" "hazardous waste management license management" "hazardous waste transfer coupling management methods" and other laws and regulations.
It is worth noting that the "action plan" also clearly to establish a long-term guarantee mechanism, including the implementation of relevant tax incentives, improve the level of information management, the establishment of a sound long-term mechanism of accountability for inspectors, and encourage public participation.
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