Solar photovoltaic cells are referred to as photovoltaic cells, which can directly convert solar energy into electricity through the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor materials, and are an advanced non-mechanical device that makes rational use of natural resources for electrical energy conversion.
The working mechanism of photovoltaic cells is the photovoltaic effect, which is the absorption of light radiation to generate electric potential. When the sunlight shines on the solar cell, the incident photons enter the space charge area, which will then produce electron-hole pairs, followed by electron and hole movement to each other, with holes in the N area moving to the P area and electrons in the P area moving to the N area. In this way, a large amount of negative charge (electrons) accumulates on the light-receiving side of the solar cell, while a large amount of positive charge (holes) accumulates on the backlight side of the cell. If a load is connected to both ends of the cell, a current will pass through the load, and when the light keeps shining, there will be a constant flow of current.
Under standard lighting conditions, the rated output voltage of a solar cell is 0.5 to 0.55 V. Therefore, in practical applications, in order to obtain a higher output voltage and larger power capacity, multiple solar cells are often connected together to form a cell module, or more cells are used to form a photovoltaic array. Then why is the photovoltaic cell, which uses light as its energy source, also afraid of sunlight?
Because sunlight exposure will make the overall temperature of the battery rising, as the temperature rises, the short-circuit current of photovoltaic cells will increase, while the open-circuit voltage will drop, resulting in the overall voltage instability of the situation.
