Performance of Ge-CDY in lithium ion battery application and comparison with other materials
Ge-CDY, a 3d porous material with diamond-like skeleton composed of linear butyne bond through SP3 - Ge hybrid atom, has been prepared by carbon Based Materials and Energy Application Group of Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and its electronic structure, band gap and lithium storage capacity have been studied. The results show that GE-CDY has excellent ion transfer and diffusion performance, ultra-high theoretical and experimental specific capacity (2701 and 2340 mA h gˉ1), and can achieve ultra-long cycle stability and excellent rate performance in lithium-ion batteries. These results indicate that 3d germanium - carbyne materials have great potential in energy storage.
Due to the change of the valence state of carbon atoms, carbon materials can be composed of a wide range of carbon skeleton structures, with good chemical and physical properties, and have been widely used in many fields such as catalysis, energy, electronics and so on. Compared with sp2-hybrid and SP3-hybrid carbon atoms in carbon materials, sp-hybrid carbon atoms with linear structure have good electrical conductivity and affinity for metal atoms, and can form multi-purpose acetylene rich materials, such as polyacetylene and graphite-acetylene. Since SP-C tends to be connected in straight lines to form alternating products of single and triple bonds, almost all reports on SP-hybrid carbon materials are inevitably accompanied by the introduction of SP2 or SP3 hybrid carbon atoms. Only one-dimensional linear polycarbylene is the only carbon material composed of SP-carbon atoms. Therefore, in order to study the intrinsic properties of SP-C, it is necessary to introduce heteroatoms as bridging centers to construct two-dimensional or three-dimensional carbon-based skeletons with only SP-C. However, the synthesis of tridimensional rich alkyne materials containing only SP-c without other hybrid carbon is faced with the problem of controlling the spatial arrangement of reaction precursors.
In order to obtain a three-dimensional rich SP-hybrid carbon material with stable structure, good electrical conductivity and good storage capacity for alkali metal atoms, The team of Changshui Huang, a researcher at Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, replaced graphite diacetylene in the early stage (Nat.Commun. 2017, 8, 1172; Energy environ. Sci. 2018, 11, 2893), A 2019, 7, 11186) and boron-graphite alkyne (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 3968). A three dimensional porous diamond-like skeleton consisting of linear succyne bonds via sp3 hybrid germanium atoms has been designed and fabricated. The high content of SP-C ensures the good conductivity and band gap of GE-CDY, which makes GE-CDY have great potential in electrochemical applications. Through SEM, TEM, solid-state nuclear magnetism, Raman, synchrotron radiation and other characterization, it was confirmed that GE-CDY had a clear three-dimensional carbon skeleton and abundant and uniformly distributed nanochannels, which was conducive to the storage and transmission of electrons and ions. In the further DFT calculation and battery performance test experiment, Exhibits ultra-high theoretical and measured specific capacities (2701 and 2340 mA h gˉ1). Compared with many other carbon-based materials, GE-CDY shows ultra-long cycle stability and excellent rate performance in lithium ion batteries.
The results were published in Energy & Environmental Materials. The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China outstanding Youth Fund project, the Frontier Key Project of CAS and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province.
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