Lithium batteries and lithium-ion batteries are a tremendous technology that will certainly bring great changes and contributions to the global storage and supply of electricity. So, the cause of lithium battery fire? Here's a little introduction!
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What are the causes of lithium battery fire?
The nature of the lithium battery fire is caused by the heat in the battery failed to be released in accordance with the design intent, causing the ignition point of the internal and external combustion material after the fire, caused by the main causes are external short circuit, external high temperature and internal short circuit.
1、Internal short circuit
Due to the battery's indiscriminate use, such as overcharging and overdischarging resulting in the branch crystal, impurities in the battery production process dust, etc., will deteriorate the generation of puncture barrier, the occurrence of a micro-short circuit, the release of electrical energy leads to temperature rise, temperature rise brought about by the chemical reaction of the material and expand the short-circuit pathway, the formation of a larger short-circuit current, this mutual accumulation of mutually reinforcing damage, resulting in thermal runaway.
2、External short circuit
Take electric vehicles as an example. The probability of risk in the operation of the actual vehicle is very low, one is the whole vehicle system is equipped with fuses and battery management system BMS, the second is the battery can withstand a short period of high current shock. In the extreme case, the short circuit point jumped over the whole vehicle fuse, together with the BMS failure, a longer external short circuit will generally lead to thin shortcomings in the circuit connection burn, rarely lead to the battery thermal runaway event. Now, more PACK companies have adopted the practice of adding a fuse in the circuit, more effective in preventing damage caused by external short circuit.
3, external high temperature
Due to the characteristics of the structure of lithium batteries, high temperature SEI film, electrolyte, EC, etc. will occur in the differentiation reaction, electrolyte differentiation will also react with the positive electrode, negative electrode, the cell barrier will ablate and differentiate, a variety of reactions lead to a lot of heat. The ablation of the barrier leads to an internal short circuit, and the release of electrical energy increases the production of heat. This cumulative mutually reinforcing damaging effect, the result is to cause the core explosion-proof film rupture, electrolyte ejected, combustion fire.
We know the causes of lithium battery fire, and know that lithium battery fire is extremely difficult to control. Therefore, once in the use of electric vehicles found smoke, fire and other omens, must be the first moment to escape, not because of small losses!
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