Recently, the 627th Xiangshan Scientific Conference, led by Shanghai Space Power Research Institute, was held in Shanghai with the theme of "Total Life Cycle Management of Power and Energy Storage Battery Systems". Experts at the conference pointed out that China should establish the whole life cycle management of power and energy storage battery systems, strengthen the comprehensive utilization of resources, and jointly promote the sustainable development of society.
Lithium battery dilemma to be solved
According to the China Chemical and Physical Power Industry Association, China has become the world's most active region in the development of lithium batteries. 2016, China's lithium battery market size of about 111.5 billion yuan, 60.5 billion yuan of demand for power lithium batteries, an increase of 65.8%. 2020, the demand for power batteries will reach five times that of 2015.
"Although China's battery production is the first in the world, the profit per unit capacity is lower than that of Japan." Qin Wenbo, deputy director of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission, pointed out in the meeting that the reason why China's battery industry has high output and low revenue is the lack of independent intellectual property rights. There is a gap between China and developed countries in the level of core raw materials and components of lithium batteries, and the production process.
The range of new energy vehicles is a prominent reflection of the level of lithium batteries. Data show that in 2017, China's new energy vehicle ownership is 1.53 million units, and is expected to exceed the 5 million mark in 2020. "But the range of most electric vehicle batteries may not be able to support the vehicle running from Shanghai to Hefei." An expert at the meeting said.
The use of post-lithium batteries, on the other hand, leaves many hidden dangers. Sun Shigang, executive chairman of the conference, professor of Xiamen University and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that used lithium batteries have explosions and other safety hazards, and serious environmental pollution.
The "whole life cycle management" of lithium batteries can solve many application problems
The whole life cycle management can be divided into three stages: design and production, primary use and secondary use and recycling. Based on state assessment and prediction, the core of the whole life cycle management of battery is online diagnosis and prediction of battery state. On the one hand, for battery systems with long service time, the performance of different life stages must be evaluated and predicted; on the other hand, the evolution of the safety performance of the battery system under the whole life cycle also needs to be evaluated.
At present, the regulation of lithium battery production, use and recycling is still in a disorderly state, and the relevant agencies have not set up standards and effective supervision in the design and production stage of the battery. The design of lithium batteries is the prerequisite basis for achieving green and environmentally friendly material decomposition and recycling. The state should clarify the relevant legal system to regulate the attribution of responsibility for the post-consumer recycling treatment and reuse stage of raw products; at the same time, the administration should strengthen market regulation, optimize organizational management and further improve the regulatory mechanism for the whole life cycle system.
Previously, power battery recycling did not attract widespread attention, mainly due to the poor quality and stability of the early battery, it is difficult to form a large-scale utilization, and this year will usher in the new energy vehicle end-of-life wave, the road to commercialization of power battery recycling is about to open. Especially after 2020, as the number of retired batteries of a single model rises sharply, the scale effect and economic value of the gradient utilization will be greatly reflected.
Effective regulation needs to be introduced
In the opinion of experts, the current regulation of battery production, use, recycling and other aspects is still in a disorderly state.
"The design and production stage of the battery in the early stage, the relevant agencies have not set up standards and effective regulation." Zhang Jianbo said that the design of lithium batteries is the prerequisite basis for achieving green and environmentally friendly material decomposition and recycling.
Chen Liquan, executive chairman of the conference, researcher at the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that the main body responsible for recycling needs to be regulated. "Who should recycle the battery, the producer or the user? This issue should be given attention."
Experts at the meeting pointed out that the state should clarify the relevant legal system, the post-consumer recycling treatment of raw products and recycling stage of responsibility attribution to be regulated. At the same time, the administration should strengthen the market regulation, optimize the organization and management, and further improve the regulatory mechanism for the whole life cycle system.
Three major problems that constrain the development of lithium battery energy storage industry
1, safety risks: lithium batteries in the role of internal and external factors such as overcharge, overdischarge, overheating and mechanical collision, easily caused by the collapse of the battery diaphragm, internal short circuit, resulting in thermal runaway and thus cause safety problems; lithium batteries currently use electrolytes are mostly flammable or combustible organic solvents, increasing the risk of fire. Traditional fire safety measures often do not effectively inhibit the thermal runaway of lithium batteries, which can cause the rapid spread of the initial fire, and then evolve into a large-scale fire.
2, policy standards and technical specifications lagging behind: lithium battery energy storage industry is still in the gestation period, the policy will remain the main driving force behind the development of the market. At present, China's relevant strategies and policies in this field are not sufficiently studied, and the lack of effective guiding policies and incentives is not conducive to the further expansion and strengthening of the lithium battery energy storage industry; the development of technical standards for lithium battery energy storage in China is still in its infancy, and only one national standard and three group standards have been released.
3, technical standards lagging behind has become the main crux of the standardized development of the industry, resulting in energy storage project design is too simple, vague performance indicators, lack of inspection and testing and safety hazards and other problems. At present, there is no large-scale comprehensive inspection organization for the quality of energy storage lithium battery products nationwide, and some of the inspection items and parameter settings are distributed in more than ten inspection organizations across the country, and most of the quality and safety inspection of lithium battery products for energy storage, especially the high voltage, high current, explosion-proof tests are still missing in the country.
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