What is UPS module series redundancy?Comparison of parallel and series redundancy of UPS power supplies. A redundant power supply is a type of power supply used in servers that consists of two identical power supplies, with a chip controlling the power supply for load balancing, so that when one power supply fails, the other one can immediately take over its work, and after replacing the power supply, the advantage of the two power supplies work together. Redundant power supplies are designed to achieve high availability of server systems.
What is UPS module tandem redundancy?
UPS modules in a series redundant configuration can also be called an "N+1" system, which is very different from the usual parallel redundancy configuration represented by N+1. Series redundancy is a system where the output of one UPS is connected to the input of another UPS and the two UPSes carry the load at the same time, with the front UPS failing and passing on the bypass and the back UPS continuing to protect the load; this also increases the reliability of the system.
Under normal conditions, a primary or "master" UPS module supplies power to the load. A "tandem" or "auxiliary" UPS module also supplies the static bypass of the "primary" UPS module. This configuration requires a separate input circuit for the static bypass of the "primary" UPS module. This approach allows a non-redundant configuration to be expanded to obtain a degree of redundancy while retaining the existing UPS power supply.
UPS hot backup is UPS power supply redundancy in series, there are hosts and slaves. The basic principle is that the host takes 100% of the load current during normal times and the slave provides backup power in case of failure. Since the backup UPS is in the host bypass in a waiting state, it is called hot backup.
Comparison of parallel and series redundancy of UPS power supplies
UPS power supply series redundancy works by switching two sets of UPS in series. Only the main UPS supplies power to the critical load during normal operation, while the other is in standby mode. If the main UPS fails to operate, it switches to bypass, which requires only the same input from both UPSs and is not technically demanding.
Parallel redundancy is the parallel connection of more than two UPS power supplies of the same type and power, through parallel cabinets, parallel modules or parallel boards, the output end of the parallel connection. The purpose is to share the load power together. The basic principle is that under normal conditions, both UPS are output by the inverter and share the load and current equally, and when one UPS fails, the remaining one will assume the entire load.
Advantages and disadvantages of UPS power supply parallel redundancy
Advantages: automatic conversion, high reliability; easy installation.
Disadvantages: additional circuits increase the cost of acquisition; when the parallel cabinet fails, the backup fails; when the backup UPS is not used, the parallel cabinet will be idle.
Advantages and disadvantages of UPS power supply series redundancy
Advantages: simple installation, no commissioning, no additional circuitry, thus high reliability and no increase in acquisition costs; only a single UPS power supply, thus high inverter efficiency and energy savings; not high UPS requirements.
Disadvantages: Dependent on the main module static bypass to receive the correct transient load from the redundant module; when switching from no-load to full-load operation, the rectifier and inverter will be subject to high current shocks and more easily damaged.
UPS power supply in parallel and in series are designed to improve the reliability of the UPS system. A two-unit series hot standby has better economics than a two-unit parallel connection, and has the same reliability. Overall, for UPS power supply systems in central server rooms, it is more appropriate to use multiple UPS power supplies in parallel with redundancy, while for decentralized loads, multiple UPS power supplies in series is the most reliable way to supply power.
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