If you take ternary lithium and lithium iron phosphate compared to believe that many people will soon know that lithium iron phosphate is better than ternary lithium battery in terms of safety, but if you take ternary lithium and hydrogen fuel cells compared to who is safer? In the past, people always talk about hydrogen, think hydrogen is a much riskier method of energy storage than gasoline. Is this really the case? How does a hydrogen fuel cell work? How is its safety planned? Who is safer than lithium ternary? This issue to explain for us
This year can be said to be the first year of electric car safety, in former times, both manufacturers and users who buy electric cars, traditionally only care about the function and range, no one cared about battery safety, until Tesla exposed the spontaneous combustion incident, we began to pay more and more attention to the safety of electric cars. This also makes many formerly unknown, manufacturers avoid talking about the functional shortcomings of ternary lithium batteries gradually surfaced, so that people gradually realize the advantages of lithium iron phosphate.
▪ The central skill of hydrogen fuel cell power system: hydrogen storage tank + fuel cell reactor
The advantages of hydrogen fuel cells are clear, the power conversion power is extremely high, and the process is very quiet, and will not require a lot of heat dissipation. This is why the Toyota Mirai has a range of 700km+ with only 5kg of hydrogen. Very high energy density and very high energy conversion power are the most important features of hydrogen fuel cells. The central skills of the fuel cell reactor are the proton exchange membrane and catalyst, which are now mainly occupied by large companies in Europe and the United States, and do not constitute much industrialization in China. So it is easy to understand why the reactor is listed as the central skill, and why the gas storage tank is also the central skill?
Just like the battery pack in electric vehicles, the hydrogen storage tank is a device used to store hydrogen, and the fuel cell reactor is a device used to convert hydrogen and oxygen into electricity and water. The two together constitute the equivalent of a battery pack for an electric car, which can continue to provide electricity for the motor and the entire vehicle's electrical equipment.
▲ Hydrogen gas storage tank made of carbon fiber + composite material is selected
▪ The sealing and durability function is good or bad, and the function of the gas storage tank is resolved
Just like the equipment production level of a big country, the function of sealing materials is also an important basis for measuring the level of production industry of a big country in the industrial and civil categories. Many countries in Europe and the United States on the formula and production process of high-functioning sealing materials is absolutely confidential. This is why in the traditional car category, the top function of the brake system and gasoline diesel direct injection engine fuel common rail system are from the European and American suppliers, because their central skills is the sealing skills.
The structure of hydrogen fuel cell storage tank
It is the same for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. To improve the range, it is necessary to bring more hydrogen, and the acceptability of the pressure container to store hydrogen is the key to how much hydrogen can be carried. Because the density of hydrogen is very small, it is necessary to store it in the pressure vessel after compacting or even liquefying it at low temperature to obtain a satisfactory energy density. The higher the acceptable pressure of the container, the more hydrogen is carried per unit volume. The higher the acceptable pressure of the container, the higher the requirements for sealing function and pressure resistance. Toyota Mirai is a world leader in hydrogen storage and the model has been mass-produced. Even so, carrying 5kg of hydrogen still requires two very large storage tanks, thus occupying much space in the rear of the car, making the whole car different from traditional electric cars in terms of shape and relatively high height at the rear of the car.
▲ Such a huge hydrogen storage tank takes up a lot of space and can only store 5kg of hydrogen
The first one is a new model of the car. Who is safer compared with ternary lithium battery?
In the whole process of fuel cell vehicle operation, the fuel cell reactor is a place for chemical reaction. It only needs a continuous supply of a small amount of hydrogen to continue to operate, and if there is a hydrogen leak or a safety accident, the supply of hydrogen can be quickly cut off to prevent the burning of hydrogen. As we can imagine, the most likely influence on the safety of fuel cell vehicles is the gas storage tank.
In reality, this is taken into account in the planning of hydrogen storage. In case of hydrogen leakage or fire, the emergency relief valve will open and release the hydrogen in the tank. We know that the density of hydrogen is much smaller than air, and it is necessary to combine with oxygen to produce incineration or explosion. The hydrogen released by high pressure has no chance to touch with oxygen in the part close to the tank because of high pressure and high flow rate, while the hydrogen far from the tank will rise in the air quickly because of its small density. Even if there is an open flame in the air at this time to satisfy the ignition condition, it only constitutes a fireball over the air and does not cause casualties to people. This high speed hydrogen release technology is also used in the large storage tanks of hydrogen refueling stations.
Therefore, it is necessary to consider the safety of the tank when planning the tank: on the one hand, the tank shell material needs to be light enough, and on the other hand, it needs to be strong enough to withstand impacts. Therefore, hydrogen storage tanks are generally made of a combination of costly carbon fiber and other composite materials. However, we know that no matter how solid the material used to make the gas tank shell, it can only guarantee the safety of bumping under certain speed conditions. However, the speed of the actual road travel must be much higher than the speed of the laboratory to do safe bumping, so once the hydrogen storage tank is broken, constituting hydrogen gas leakage and air mixing together will not immediately produce an explosion?
▪ The development prospect of hydrogen energy and ternary lithium battery
In China, the biggest advantage of ternary lithium battery is that the production capacity has been greatly developed under the encouragement of the national policy in recent years, and it can be said that our company has mastered its central skills, and has become the world's largest lithium battery producer in one leap, and the cost has been greatly reduced, and has completely constituted a planning industry. As for the hydrogen fuel cell technology, whether it is the process formula of reactor catalyst or the central skill of gas storage tank, China has not constituted a planning industry, so the cost is extremely high. However, China is very equipped with industrial conditions for the development of hydrogen energy, and the hydrogen by-products produced by the domestic petrochemical industry are satisfied with the use of vehicles every year, and the cost of obtaining hydrogen is relatively low, and there is no need to rely on electrolysis of water, which is a high energy-consuming method to obtain hydrogen, which lays a good foundation for the development of fuel cell cars.
The central technology of hydrogen fuel cell car
Compared with the ternary lithium battery, the safety of hydrogen storage process should be higher, because it can be blocked by oxygen, or agile release method, so that the risk of hydrogen gas quickly escape from the crowd, in a sense even safer than the liquid gasoline. And the ternary lithium battery will age with the passage of time of the battery, there may be a short circuit in the internal phenomenon, or due to the impact of external forces lead to internal short circuit spontaneous combustion. The most frightening thing is that whether the spontaneous combustion from the inside out or from the outside in leading to the incineration, the process will open up a lot of oxygen, which means that even with the air barrier, the battery will burn more and more vigorous.
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