Why Toyota avoids lithium-ion batteries, and why does it love power NiMH batteries? Power NiMH battery is currently on the market in addition to lithium batteries, another mainstream electric car power battery, but in many first-line electric brand car companies choose lithium battery environment, Toyota insists on using NiMH power battery, what is the reason for this? Now let's find out.
Why Toyota avoids lithium-ion batteries, and why do you love power NiMH batteries?
If the hydrogen fuel power battery, lithium-ion batteries, fluorine ion solid-state batteries are only technology reserve products, then Toyota's only favorite power lithium batteries are non-nickel-hydrogen batteries. This is not unrelated to Toyota is a Japanese company, it is known that Japan's natural resources are more scarce, especially in the forefront of environmental awareness, and the advantage of nickel-hydrogen batteries is that recycling degradation compared to lithium-ion batteries more environmentally friendly.
Although the NiMH battery energy storage density is inferior to lithium-ion batteries, but the hybrid technology can be released with the engine energy, energy density is not the most important consideration, and NiMH battery life is also better than lithium-ion batteries. As the development and production of NiMH battery products have been more than 20 years, quality control, quality have been well controlled.
In addition, the important components of NiMH batteries are: rare earths and nickel, both of which have high recycling value, and the use of water as the electrolyte solution does not easily pollute the environment and is very friendly to the environment. Secondly, the safety of NiMH batteries is good, because the electrolyte of NiMH batteries is an aqueous solution, it is not easy to burn in the event of short circuit and other abnormal conditions.
Toyota is not no lithium-ion battery technology reserves, but because Toyota has not been in the lithium-ion battery research breakthrough. The fact that Toyota has not been aggressive in the use of lithium-ion batteries is also correct, at this stage of new energy vehicles because of lithium-ion batteries and caused by safety accidents are not a few.
Why Toyota loves power NiMH batteries?
●Mature and safe
The electrolyte used in NiMH batteries is a non-flammable aqueous solution, and its specific heat capacity and electrolyte evaporation are relatively high, but the energy density is relatively low, which means that even in the event of a short circuit and other abnormal conditions will not cause combustion. NiMH batteries are currently the most commercially available batteries. And Japanese companies have high and cautious requirements for technology maturity and safety, which leads Toyota to use NiMH batteries all the time.
● Low production requirements
Thanks to the longer development time of NiMH batteries, even if the energy density is not as impressive as lithium-ion batteries, the requirements for safety protection and temperature control in the production process of NiMH batteries are much lower compared to lithium-ion batteries. This is to ensure the quality and control the cost at the same time, why not?
Excellent low temperature performance
Lithium-ion batteries use an organic electrolyte solution, resulting in low temperature environment will greatly reduce the performance of the battery, life will also be significantly reduced. The performance is already deviated at zero degrees, let alone lower temperatures. And Toyota's hybrid cars are sold to many places where the temperature is lower. Take the northern part of our country, it has not worked. The nickel-metal hydride battery, on the other hand, uses an alkaline electrolyte water solution and can operate at temperatures as low as minus 40 degrees, which will be superior in comparison.
● High recycling value
NiMH batteries do not contain highly toxic substances and are relatively environmentally friendly. Its important components are nickel and rare earths, which are less difficult to recycle and have high recycling value, and can be basically recycled and reused, which is important for sustainable development.
Summary: In summary, taking into account battery safety, practicality, economy and environmental protection, it is more appropriate to choose NiMH batteries, which is why NiMH batteries will become the first choice of Toyota hybrid models. From a short time point of view, Toyota will still adhere to the NiMH battery route unchanged; in the medium and long term, only lithium-ion battery key technology can make a breakthrough, it may switch in line with the trend.
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