A, 18650 lithium battery introduction
18650 is the founding father of lithium-ion batteries - Japan SONY company in order to save costs and set a standard lithium-ion battery type, in which 18 indicates the diameter of 18mm, 65 indicates the length of 65mm, 0 indicates that the cylindrical battery.
Common 18650 battery is divided into lithium-ion batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries. Lithium-ion battery voltage for the nominal voltage of 3.7v, charging cut-off voltage of 4.2v, lithium iron phosphate battery nominal voltage of 3.2V, charging cut-off voltage of 3.6v, capacity is usually 1200mAh-3350mAh, common capacity is 2200mAh-2600mAh.
18650 lithium battery uses.
The 18650 battery life span is theoretically 1000 times of cycle charging. Because the capacity of the unit density is large, so most of them are used in laptop batteries. In addition, because 18650 has very good stability in work, it is widely used in major electronic fields: commonly used in high-grade flashlight, portable power, wireless data transmitter, electric heating and warm clothes, shoes, portable instruments, portable lighting equipment, portable printers, industrial instruments, medical instruments, etc.
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18650 lithium battery strengths.
1, large capacity 18650 lithium battery capacity is generally between 1200mah ~ 3600mah, and general battery capacity is only about 800mah, if combined into 18650 lithium battery pack, that 18650 lithium battery pack is sloppy are able to break through the 5000mah.
2, long life 18650 lithium battery life is very long, the normal use of the cycle life of 500 times or more, is more than twice the ordinary battery.
3, high safety function 18650 lithium battery safety function, no explosion, no incineration; non-toxic, non-pollution, after the RoHS trademark certification; a variety of safety features in one go, the number of cycles is greater than 500 times; high temperature resistance function is good, 65 degrees under the conditions of discharge efficiency of 100%. In order to avoid the short-circuit phenomenon, the positive and negative poles of 18650 lithium battery are separated. Therefore, the possibility of short circuit has been reduced to the extreme. Can be installed with maintenance plates to avoid overcharging and overdischarging the battery, which can also extend the life of the battery.
4, high voltage 18650 lithium battery voltage is generally at 3.6V, 3.8V and 4.2V, much higher than the NiCd and NiMH battery voltage of 1.2V.
5, no memory effect before charging without having to empty the remaining power, easy to use.
6, small internal resistance: the internal resistance of polymer cells is smaller than the general liquid cells, the internal resistance of domestic polymer cells can even do 35mΩ or less, greatly reducing the battery's self-consumption, extending the standby time of cell phones, fully able to reach the level of compliance with the world. This kind of polymer lithium battery supporting large discharge current is the ideal choice for remote control models, becoming the most promising product instead of NiMH batteries.
7、Can be combined in series or parallel into 18650 lithium battery pack.
8, the use of a wide range of laptop computers, walkie-talkies, portable DVDs, instruments, audio equipment, models, toys, video cameras, digital cameras and other electronic equipment.
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18650 lithium battery disadvantages.
18650 lithium battery's biggest drawback is that his volume is now fixed, installed in some notebooks or some products are not very good positioning, of course, this drawback can also be said to be a strength, which is relatively other lithium polymer batteries and other lithium batteries can be customized and can change the size of this is a drawback. And relative to some specified battery specifications of the product has become an advantage.
18650 lithium battery is prone to short circuit or explosion, but also relative to the lithium polymer batteries, if relative to the general battery, this disadvantage is not so significant.
18650 lithium battery production are required to have maintenance lines, to avoid the battery was overcharged and lead to discharge. Of course, this is necessary for lithium batteries, which is also a general disadvantage of lithium batteries, because lithium batteries are simply the choice of information is lithium cobaltate information, and lithium cobaltate lithium batteries can not be discharged at high current, poor safety.
18650 lithium batteries require high production conditions, compared to the general battery production, 18650 lithium batteries require high production conditions, which undoubtedly increases the cost of production.
Second, soft pack lithium battery introduction
Soft pack lithium battery is just a liquid lithium-ion battery covered with a polymer shell. In the structure of the choice of aluminum-plastic film packaging, in the event of safety hazards soft pack batteries will at most only bulge crack.
The advantages of soft pack batteries.
1. Good safety features
Soft pack batteries, unlike steel-cased aluminum-cased cells, will not explode.
2. Light weight
Soft pack batteries are 40% lighter than steel-cased lithium batteries of equal capacity, and 20% lighter than aluminum-cased batteries.
3. Large capacity
Soft pack battery capacity is 10-15% higher than the steel-case battery of equal size, and 5-10% higher than the aluminum-case battery.
4. Small internal resistance
The internal resistance of soft pack battery is smaller than that of lithium battery, and now the minimum internal resistance of domestic soft pack battery cells can be less than 35mΩ, which greatly reduces the self-consumption of battery power.
5. Flexible planning
The shape of the soft pack battery can be customized according to the customer's needs, and new cell types can be developed.
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Disadvantages of soft pack batteries.
Fewer types of existing soft pack battery cells to meet market demand.
High cost to develop new types.
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Three, 18650 lithium battery and soft pack battery who is more suitable for electric vehicles
The same world-renowned electric car brands, what makes their choice of power battery is very different? In the field of automotive power battery applications, 18650 lithium batteries and soft pack batteries, where are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
The electrolyte form is different is the key
As two mainstream power batteries on the market now, 18650 batteries and lithium polymer soft pack batteries are distinguished by the shell package material. 18650 batteries are generally steel shell package (18 indicates a diameter of 18mm, 65 indicates a length of 65mm, 0 indicates a cylindrical battery), the internal electrode sheet and diaphragm structure is wound type. Lithium polymer soft pack batteries use aluminum plastic film for the outer packaging, and the internal electrode sheets and diaphragm are laminated (stacked layer by layer).
Although the shape and internal structure are different, the principle of these two types of batteries is basically the same. Both batteries have positive electrode, negative electrode and electrolyte, the positive electrode material is generally lithium cobaltate, lithium nickel cobalt manganate (ternary material), lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganate, etc., the negative electrode material is generally graphite, the electrolyte is lithium hexafluorophosphate solution.
The main difference between the two is that one of the internal materials of the battery - the electrolyte form is different: the electrolyte inside the lithium polymer soft pack battery is selected from the polymer, generally gel or solid, while the electrolyte inside the 18650 battery is generally liquid.
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Each has its own advantages and disadvantages Different application categories
18650 lithium battery and lithium polymer soft pack battery have their own advantages and disadvantages. Now, 18650 battery production automation is high, the consistency and safety of the battery have reached a high level, coupled with the small size and light weight of the battery itself, so it has common advantages in the modularity of system development and standardization. Many people think that the choice of 18650 battery as the power source of new energy electric vehicles is the best choice at this stage.
However, 18650 batteries also have the inescapable disadvantage of low capacity (generally around 2~4Ah). This makes the 18650 battery in the application of the number of cells required is very large, adhere to the cell consistency, battery heat dissipation of the battery management system is also more messy.
Compared with 18650 batteries, lithium polymer soft pack batteries have higher capacity, and have the advantages of thin, arbitrary area and arbitrary shape (0.33mm, 0.50mm and other types of ultra-thin batteries), but the main disadvantage is the poor consistency and mechanical strength. Based on the characteristics of lithium polymer soft pack batteries, lithium polymer soft pack batteries are increasingly used in cell phones, laptops, mobile power and other categories. However, because the conductivity of the colloidal (or solid state) electrolyte is not very good and the internal resistance is large, lithium polymer soft pack batteries are now rarely used in electric vehicles.
Soft pack batteries are not all lithium polymer batteries
Since lithium polymer soft pack batteries are rarely used in electric vehicles, what type of battery is the laminated soft pack battery in the Nissan LEAF?
In fact, although lithium polymer soft pack batteries are generally referred to as soft pack batteries, they are not all lithium polymer batteries because they can also be used with liquid electrolytes. Nissan LEAF battery is the choice of liquid electrolyte soft pack batteries.
Whether it is a lithium polymer soft pack battery or a soft pack battery with liquid electrolyte as the internal material, soft pack batteries are generally encapsulated in aluminum plastic film. The thickness of aluminum plastic film is thin, poor mechanical strength, in the car bump and other extreme conditions, aluminum plastic film is easy to break resulting in accidents, which is the main drawback of the use of soft pack batteries in new energy vehicles.
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