Solar power is divided into solar thermal power and photovoltaic power, and the commonly used term solar power refers to solar photovoltaic power, or "photovoltaic" for short. Photovoltaic power generation is a technology that uses the photovoltaic effect at the semiconductor interface to convert light energy directly into electricity.
A photovoltaic system is a power generation system that converts light energy into electricity directly without a thermal process. Photovoltaic power generation system usually consists of photovoltaic arrays, battery banks, battery controllers, inverters, AC distribution cabinets and solar tracking control systems, etc. Its main components are solar cells, batteries, controllers and inverters. Its characteristics are high reliability, long service life, no pollution to the environment, independent power generation and grid-connected operation.
At present, PV power generation system is divided into independent PV power generation system, grid-connected PV power generation system and distributed PV power generation system.
1, independent photovoltaic power generation system
Independent photovoltaic power generation is also called off-grid photovoltaic power generation. Mainly by the solar cell module, controller, battery composition, if the AC load power supply, but also need to configure the AC inverter, independent photovoltaic power station including remote areas of the village power supply system, solar household power system, communication signal power, cathodic protection, solar street lights and other kinds of photovoltaic power generation system with battery can be run independently.
2, grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system
Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation is the direct current generated by solar modules through the grid-connected inverter into AC power that meets the requirements of the utility grid and then directly connected to the public grid. It can be divided into grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system with battery and grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system without battery, grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system with battery has dispatchability, can be integrated into or out of the grid as needed, also has the function of backup power, when the grid can be emergency power supply due to power outage; grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system with battery is often installed in residential buildings; grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system without battery System does not have the function of dispatchability and backup power, generally installed on larger systems.
3, distributed photovoltaic power generation system
Distributed photovoltaic power generation system can be divided into centralized large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic power plants and distributed photovoltaic systems. Centralized large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic power plant is the main feature of the power generated directly to the grid, by the grid unified deployment of power supply to users. This kind of power station has large investment, long construction period and large footprint. Distributed PV systems, on the other hand, have the advantages of small investment, fast construction, small footprint, and strong policy support.
