"The power lithium battery has 3 characteristics of being movable, separable and controllable, thus deriving many shapes." June 23, in China's pure electric vehicle 100 will be the deputy secretary general Zhang Yongwei in 2019 in China (Qinghai Province) lithium industry and power lithium battery international summit indicated.
The new energy vehicle industry catch 1 new windfall. From 2013 in China's new energy vehicles gradually large-scale marketing promotion count, according to the power lithium battery 5-8 years of use life measurement, the first batch of new energy technology power lithium battery will catch up with the scale of the expense.
As the core asset of pure electric vehicles, the power lithium battery occupies one third to one half of the cost of a tram. However, for safety and mileage and many other considerations, the power battery capacity loss to under eighty percent, usually will not apply to pure electric vehicles used. However, after the end of the on-board period, there is still an economic value for the adoption of Li-powered batteries.
Building a power lithium battery recycling system management system is not only beneficial to the rational improvement of new energy vehicles, but also in accordance with the provisions of environmental protection and social security. After the rechargeable battery is retired, there are safety risks in logistics, transportation, storage, gradual adoption and disassembly, recycling and reuse, and a slight oversight or non-standard behavior will cause spontaneous combustion and fire of the retired rechargeable battery. Therefore, the electric vehicle industry is in urgent need of recycling and reuse re-adoption management system protection, which is the necessary demand for the benign development of the industry.
Power lithium battery recycling is about to catch up with the outbreak. According to the China Automotive Technology Research Center forecast analysis, by 2020, in China's pure electric vehicle power lithium battery will enter a period of large-scale retirement, 2022, the cumulative amount will exceed 200,000 tons, of which 70 percent or about 140,000 tons available for laddering, the market capacity will exceed 10 billion yuan, and by 2022 will exceed 30 billion yuan.
Four-party power competition boom
Power lithium battery recycling industry has now caught up with many users, at this stage, in China to reuse renewable power lithium battery recycling main participants from four forces: professional third-party resource recycling companies, lithium battery raw material manufacturers, power lithium battery manufacturers and pure electric vehicle manufacturers. In addition, the above participating companies run through the characteristics, needs, advantages and other elements of their respective industries, resulting in four different business operation models.
At this stage, the main players in China's lithium battery recycling market are actually third-party resource recycling companies. According to Kong Qingxi, deputy general manager of Tower Energy Limited, as of May this year, China Tower has nearly 200,000 communication base stations in the country, using a total of 2.5GWh of rechargeable batteries for ladder adoption, equivalent to 60,000 tram loads, accounting for 50% of the retired rechargeable batteries at this stage of the market.
"In this aspect of recycling and reuse of ladder batteries, we have accumulated a lot of experience in the whole process of installation adoption operation and maintenance management, from the previous non-standard to the gradual standard, from the previous unreliable to now basically reliable, from the processing process is very rough and rudimentary to now basically reach the standard adoption." Kong Qingxi indicates. Due to the layout of many years in the field of recycling and reuse of waste battery resources, the third-party resource recycling company has the advantages of professional regeneration technology, equipment, processing technology, recycling and reuse qualifications.
The third-party resource recycling company layout power lithium battery recycling is used to ladder adoption. For all parties in the new energy vehicle industry chain, in addition to the primary purpose of power battery recycling is to create a different closed loop through disassembly and recycling.
Lithium raw material manufacturers according to lithium recycling, access to retired lithium batteries with a lot of recyclable lithium, cobalt, nickel, aluminum and other high-value metal materials, can form a greater economic benefits.
According to Li Yunfeng, chairman of Duofuoduo New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. explained that 87% of the production cost of lithium cells are derived from raw materials, in which the battery cathode material occupies fifty percent and the cathode material occupies fifteen percent. According to the recycling to create a closed-loop control of the raw material management system, not only to expand its own raw material supply, but also to control costs to improve profitability.
Car companies and lithium battery companies at the center of the industry chain are not willing to miss this immeasurable market, in accordance with the juggling requirements, they also take responsibility for lithium battery recycling.
In 2018, the State Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced the Interim Provisions on the Management Method of Recycling and Reuse of Lithium Batteries in New Energy Vehicles, which requires that automobile manufacturers should assume the main responsibility for power battery recycling. In addition, lithium battery manufacturers should work with car manufacturers, in accordance with national industry standards to achieve the coding of manufactured lithium batteries, lithium battery manufacturers, car manufacturers should be submitted in a timely manner according to the traceability information management system power lithium battery code and the basic information of new energy vehicles.
Both also try to open the closed-loop control. Power lithium battery company's closed-loop control system is to supply raw materials to the terminal equipment to use all the lithium battery closed-loop control; and car companies to open a closed-loop control from market sales to recovery of market transactions, in this kind of situation, to be able to split the lithium battery from the electric car, to achieve a variety of different business models, such as power exchange or lithium battery rental.
As an example, BYD is mainly based on the authorization of licensed franchisees to recycle and reuse used power lithium batteries, the waste batteries continue to be used in the home type energy storage batteries and other industry sectors, if the lithium batteries can not be reused, the lithium batteries will be sent to the relevant departments of the Huizhou raw materials factory, and then the use of wet recycling methods to achieve disassembly recycling reuse.
What can be found is that the parties involved in the operation of power lithium battery recycling include lithium battery manufacturers, vehicle manufacturers, users, gradient utilization business, resource recovery business and other multiple interests, the early development of the industry, the interests are not clear enough visible, the companies involved in power lithium battery recycling also each have different demands. Therefore, the power lithium battery recycling should be around what company?
In the actual operation of the operation process, different companies can realize the division of labor. "Recycling and reuse according to the car factory, for example, there are two car factories, one is Great Wall, one is Lightspeed, they are on the network to recover the lithium battery inside the car, we then do the ladder use." Hive Energy Technology Co., Ltd. deputy general manager Ma Zhonglong said.
Just, in Ma Zhonglong's view, power lithium battery recycling to be done around the lithium core factory, the purpose of lithium battery disassembly is to supply the lithium core factory. Meng Xiangfeng, assistant to the chairman of Ningde Times, also pointed out that if the power lithium battery is used in the industry chain and then will return to their own hands, so the lithium battery company can set the sales price of lithium batteries from the whole life cycle, which will help to reduce the price of batteries.
Operation is full of challenges
Although the power battery recycling has a broad industry prospects, but from the actual operation of the operation process, full of many difficulties.
At the moment, the main difficulty faced directly is the source of retired lithium batteries. "Power battery recycling is difficult in the scale of recycling, mainly because the channel is too scattered." Kong Qingxi pointed out. From the point of view of ownership, after the sale of electric vehicles, the property rights of lithium batteries will also belong to the owners of new energy vehicles. Although there are already many car companies have established battery recycling sites, but owners still follow the traditional fuel car way when scrapping the car, directly to the vehicle to the scrap recycling institutions, and is not clear about the details of the specifics of power battery recycling and methods.
In addition to this, the current scrap lithium battery is mainly from the new energy vehicles sold before 2014, the market volume itself is small. At the same time, due to the rapid development level of battery technology, the value of lithium batteries varies greatly, and the price of recycling is difficult to meet the expectations of vehicle owners.
One idea to solve this problem is to separate the car and electricity, separating the ownership of the lithium battery and the car, and directly adopting the lithium battery direct lease and leaseback model in the on-board stage. For example, the Azera ES8 can provide a lithium battery rental service, where consumers buy a car without a lithium battery and deliver a certain annual rent to rent the lithium battery.
When recycling lithium batteries, the evaluation of waste lithium batteries is very difficult and the system needs to be improved. "For example, monitoring data is a big problem, the data is not available, the data is fragmented, which restricts the assessment of lithium batteries. Now although there are already assessment standards and technology, but after the use of the whole assessment system is still very imperfect, standards, technology, assessment models are still under development." Zhang Yongwei pointed out.
At present, the development of China's lithium recycling market is still in the early stages, there are many irregularities. There are a large number of small recycling workshops in the industry, with backward technology and equipment, no qualifications, and there are safety hazards and serious environmental problems.
In addition to this, the power battery recycling market is also facing imperfect policies, regulations and standards, and key technologies are still waiting for a breakthrough. The rapid decline in the cost of new batteries in recent years has also become a restraining factor affecting the development of the lithium battery recycling market. In the battery recycling industry chain, the production link, the gradient utilization and the recycling link are also in relative isolation and have not formed a corresponding synergy effect for the time being.
From the perspective of the market, power battery recycling is of great economic value, but a new set of commercial operation model needs to be established. "Through green finance, lithium batteries can be securitized. Lithium batteries have cash flow in every link, from production to recycling, and are an ideal securitizable energy product and securitizable automotive product. With financial support, it will boost the establishment of lithium battery operation model." Zhang Yongwei concluded.
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