Power battery practitioners must understand the lithium battery safety test standards!
1. Squeeze test: Place the fully charged battery on a flat surface, apply a squeeze pressure of 13±1KN from the cylinder, and squeeze the battery with a flat surface of a 32mm diameter steel rod. Once the squeezing pressure reaches the maximum, the battery will not catch fire or explode.
2. Impact test: After the battery is fully charged, place a 15.8mm diameter steel rod vertically in the center of the battery and drop the weight of 9.1kg freely on the steel rod above the battery from a height of 610mm. The battery will not catch fire or explode.
3, overcharge test: the battery in a fully charged 1 c, should be overcharged in accordance with 3 c 10 v overcharge test, when the battery charging voltage rises to a certain voltage stability for a period of time, close to when the battery voltage rises rapidly, rose to a certain extent, the big hat up the battery, the battery voltage drops to 0 v, no fire and explosion.
4, short-circuit test: In a complete battery will use a resistance of not more than 50 mΩ wire battery is negative short circuit, test the surface temperature of the battery, the maximum surface temperature of the battery 140 ℃, the battery, the battery no fire, no explosion.
5. Needle test: the fully charged battery on a flat surface, using a 3mm diameter steel needle to pierce the battery along the radial direction. Test battery will not catch fire or explode.
6. Temperature cycling test: The temperature cycling test for lithium-ion batteries simulates the safety of lithium-ion batteries that are repeatedly exposed to low and high temperatures during transportation or storage. The test is conducted using rapid and extreme temperature changes. Fire, explosion or leakage should not be observed after the test.
Power battery practitioners must know the lithium battery safety test standard!
What can be done to make lithium batteries safer
Given the many safety hazards in the materials, manufacturing and use of lithium-ion batteries, how to improve the components that are prone to safety problems is a problem that needs to be addressed by lithium-ion battery manufacturers.
1) There is a high reactivity between electrolyte and positive and negative electrodes, especially at high temperatures. In order to improve the safety of the battery, improving the safety of the electrolyte is one of the more effective methods. By adding functional additives, using new lithium salts and using new solvents, the safety hazards of electrolytes can be effectively solved.
(2) According to the different roles of additives, they can be divided into the following categories: safety and protection additives, film-forming additives, protection positive additives, lithium salt stabilization additives, lithium precipitation promotion additives, fluid corrosion prevention additives, enhanced wettability additives, etc.
3) In order to improve the performance of commercial lithium salts, researchers have carried out atomic substitution and obtained many derivatives. Among them, the compounds obtained by replacing atoms with perfluoroalkyl groups have the advantages of high flash point, close conductivity, and enhanced water resistance. Therefore, they are a lithium salt compound with good application prospects. In addition, the anionic lithium salts obtained by chelating oxygen ligands with boron atoms as the central atom have high thermal stability.
(4) For solvents, many researchers have proposed a series of new organic solvents, such as carboxylates, organic ethers and other organic solvents. In addition, ionic liquids also have a class of electrolytes with high safety, but compared with carbonate electrolytes commonly used, ionic liquids have higher viscosity of order of magnitude, low conductivity and ion self-diffusion coefficient, so there is still a lot of work to do in practice.
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