Energy storage power supply according to different application scenarios, the type of product chosen for energy storage batteries are also different, according to the various categories of energy storage battery products, respectively, to sort out what are the advantages and disadvantages of the existence of?
Lithium-ion batteries.
Lithium-ion batteries occupy a leading position in the installed electrochemical energy storage market in recent years because of their high energy density, long service life, wide applicable temperature range, and other characteristics. According to statistics, lithium-ion batteries almost dominated the global electrochemical energy storage installation in 2018, accounting for 94% of the new installations.
However, lithium-ion batteries for energy storage also have some natural disadvantages. Huang Shilin, vice chairman of Ningde Times New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. has publicly expressed skepticism about the use of power lithium batteries for energy storage in the following ways.
First, the use of short life. 4000 cycles of power lithium battery decay to 2000 cycles, if installed in the storage system, just to do peak and valley, lithium iron phosphate can be used for three to four years, while ternary batteries can only be used for two years.
Second, the high cost. Power lithium batteries, if from recycling to transportation and then testing, and then made into energy storage system, the invisible cost is very high.
Third, there are safety hazards. At present, the mainstream car battery is ternary batteries, if the system design is not good enough, or the system overdue service, will leave a lot of security risks.
Fourth, the technical route is different. Power lithium batteries and energy storage battery technology route is different, power lithium batteries to enhance the energy density of the cycle life will drop less and less, and then used to do the gradient utilization is not appropriate.
Based on this, many power lithium battery companies have started to enter the field of energy storage, the production of energy storage batteries suitable for mounting on the energy storage system. Take Ningde Times, the leading domestic power lithium battery company, as an example: in 2019, Ningde Times will mass-produce energy storage batteries with a cycle life of more than 10,000 times. According to industry estimates, Ningde Times 2022 energy storage battery annual shipments will reach more than 1GWh, corresponding to the market share will increase to about 14%.
Lead-acid batteries.
China's lead-acid battery technology is mature, and it is also the world's largest lead-acid battery producer and lead-acid battery consuming country. Battery materials are widely sourced, the cost is low, the disadvantage is that the number of cycles is low, the service life is short, in the production of recycling and other aspects of improper handling is easy to cause pollution of the environment.
China's large state-owned integrated communications infrastructure services company, China Tower, used lead-acid batteries as a backup power source for communications base stations until 2018.Since 2015, China Tower has been conducting trials of replacing lead-acid batteries with gradient-use batteries in more than 3,000 base stations in 12 provinces and cities.In 2018, China Tower has stopped purchasing lead-acid batteries and uniformly purchased gradient-use batteries. By the end of 2018, about 125,000 base stations in 31 provinces and cities across the country have used about 15 GWh of gradient batteries, replacing about 45,000 tons of lead-acid batteries.
At present, the important production companies of lead-acid batteries include Nandu Power, Shengyang Power, Shuangdeng Group, Tennant Battery, Shanghai Siendi, etc. The battery products of these companies are widely used in the field of energy storage.
Nandu power storage technology line to battery-based. It is understood that Nandu Power actively promotes the commercialization of lead carbon battery technology for energy storage power plant projects, with significant economic advantages. According to estimates, in the peak and valley electricity price difference of 0.9 yuan / kWh, only through peak and valley reduction mode, the company's total annual operating profit per 1MWh energy storage power plant is about 100,000 yuan, with an internal rate of return of up to 11%.
Sunplus Power has now developed mature lead carbon battery technology. Its FCP lead carbon battery, which introduces advanced lead carbon technology and experience related to product design and manufacturing from Japan Furukawa Battery Company, has achieved 70% DOD deep cycle times of over 4,200 times and a design life of 15 years, and is used in new energy access, distributed power generation, smart grid, etc.
Shuangdeng Group is a supplier of energy storage micro-grid solutions, and has formed a variety of energy storage application solutions such as scenery storage micro-grid, peak-shaving and valley-filling energy storage power station, scenery-wood power hybrid base station power supply system, border and sea defense power supply system, etc. It has series, standardized and modularized energy storage system products. In the State Grid Zhangbei scenery storage and transmission demonstration power station, it is equipped with 12MWh battery energy storage; in the CGN Qilian micro-grid energy storage system, 28MWh tubular colloidal lead-acid battery system is used as the main power source, which cooperates with lithium-ion battery to realize stable operation and energy optimization management of micro-grid.
Sodium-sulfur battery.
Sodium-sulfur battery is composed of molten electrode and solid electrolyte, the active material of negative electrode is molten metal sodium, and the active material of positive electrode is liquid sulfur and polysulfide sodium molten salt. It has the advantages of small size, large capacity, long life and high efficiency. It is widely used in power storage for peak shaving, emergency power, wind power generation and other energy storage.
The energy density of sodium-sulfur battery is up to 760Wh/kg, the conversion efficiency is close to 100%, and the number of battery cycles is up to more than 2500 times. However, the shortage is the high cost, up to about 2000 U.S. dollars / kWh; harsh requirements for the working environment, 300 ℃ to start, if a short circuit failure, the temperature will be as high as 2000 ℃, so the technology has very high requirements, sodium-sulfur energy storage batteries are more foreign applications, domestic failed to promote large-scale.
Liquid flow battery.
Liquid flow battery is generally known as redox liquid flow battery, is a new type of large electrochemical energy storage device, the positive and negative electrodes all use vanadium salt solution is called all-vanadium liquid flow battery, referred to as vanadium battery. All-vanadium liquid flow battery is a new type of storage and energy storage device, not only can be used as solar energy, wind power generation process supporting energy storage devices, but also can be used for power grid peaking, improve the stability of the power grid, to ensure the safety of the power grid.
Compared with other energy storage batteries, the liquid flow battery has the advantages of flexible design, fast charging and discharging response, good performance, long battery life, easy regeneration and recycling of electrolyte solution, large freedom of site selection, high safety, friendly to the environment, high energy efficiency, and fast start-up speed.
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