Lithium batteries are a class of batteries that use lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Lithium-ion batteries are generally batteries that use lithium alloy metal oxide as the anode material and graphite as the negative electrode material, and use a non-aqueous electrolyte. The difference between these two mainly lies in the choice of anode material, lithium batteries (lithium primary batteries or lithium metal batteries) use lithium metal or lithium alloy as the anode, while lithium ion batteries mainly choose graphite-based materials.
Lithium metal batteries were first proposed and studied by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1912, and in the 1970s, lithium ion batteries were proposed and studied.
Lithium-ion batteries were first developed successfully in 1990 and commercialized in 1991. Due to the very active chemical properties of lithium metal, it can be said that lithium ions are embedded in carbon to form the negative electrode. In particular, the main cathode materials are currently lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate, etc., and the negative materials are graphite type, lithium titanate, etc.
So that the processing, preservation and use of lithium metal, the environmental requirements are very high. And easy to produce lithium dendrites, widely used in a variety of consumer electronics such as cell phones, cameras, laptops, etc., power tools, the future will be one of the important choices for electric vehicle power source.
Lithium batteries are divided into lithium batteries and lithium-ion batteries. China's lithium-ion battery standards are very active in the development or revision, usually people commonly referred to as lithium batteries, and the real lithium batteries due to the danger, after all, the battery generally uses materials containing lithium as electrodes, which also makes the market for lithium-ion battery safety performance requirements continue to improve the need, rarely used in everyday electronic products is a representative of modern high-performance batteries.
On the other hand, this also brings a more serious challenge to battery manufacturers, battery manufacturers must continue to improve in the design, production and testing process, in today's cell phones and laptops are using lithium-ion batteries, but there have been incidents of battery explosions, so I hope that lithium-ion batteries can be used faster in real life!
