A mobile robot is a machine device that automatically performs work. It is a robot system consisting of sensors, remote control operators and automatically controlled mobile carriers with mobile functions, and has greater mobility and flexibility than general robots in replacing people in operations in dangerous and harsh (e.g., radiation, toxic, etc.) environments and in environments that are beyond human reach (e.g., cosmic space, underwater, etc.).
Mobile robots are intelligent robots with self-organization, autonomous operation, and autonomous planning that work in complex environments, incorporating computer technology, information technology, communication technology, microelectronics, and robotics.
Research on mobile robots began in the late 1960s. Nils Nilssen and Charles Rosen of the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) developed an autonomous mobile robot named Shakey from 1966 to mid-1972. The goal was to study the application of artificial intelligence techniques for autonomous reasoning, planning, and control of robotic systems in complex environments.
Classification of mobile robots
1, according to the way of movement, can be divided into: wheeled mobile robots, walking mobile robots (single-legged, two-legged and multi-legged), tracked mobile robots, crawling robots, creeping robots and swimming robots and other types.
2. divided by working environment: indoor mobile robots and outdoor mobile robots.
3, according to the control system structure, can be divided into: functional (horizontal) structured robots, behavioral (vertical) structured robots and hybrid robots.
4, according to the function and use, can be divided into: medical robots, military robots, disabled robots, cleaning robots, etc..
Intelligent mobile robot, is a comprehensive system integrating multi-functional functions such as environment perception, dynamic decision making and planning, behavior control and execution. It concentrates the research results of multiple disciplines such as sensor technology, information processing, electronic engineering, computer engineering, automation control engineering and artificial intelligence, representing the highest achievement of mechatronics, and is one of the most active fields of science and technology development at present.
With the continuous improvement of robot performance, the scope of application of mobile robots has been greatly expanded, not only in the industrial, agricultural, medical, service and other industries are widely used, but also in urban security, national defense and space exploration fields and other harmful and dangerous occasions are well applied. Therefore, mobile robotics has received widespread attention from all over the world.
