Lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries have different battery life, nominal voltage, internal materials, energy and battery selling price.
The nominal voltage of lead-acid battery is 2.0V, while the nominal voltage of lithium battery is 3.6V. Under the same voltage and current conditions, the electric car with lithium battery has more power and faster speed.
The difference between the internal material of lead-acid battery and lithium battery is the positive and negative electrodes of both. When lead-acid battery and lithium battery start working, both positive and negative electrodes will have chemical reactions, and lithium battery is organic electrolyte, and the electrolyte of lead-acid battery is concentrated sulfuric acid, and the conductivity of the two materials is different.
The energy of lead-acid battery is 30wh/kg, and the energy of lithium battery is 150wh/kg. By comparing the data, we know that the energy of lithium battery is more enhanced and the energy supply is more sufficient than that of lead-acid battery. The voltage and energy of Li-ion battery are larger than lead-acid battery, which can provide a larger current.
Lithium batteries are becoming more and more popular, and there are many reasons for this. Lithium batteries are smaller than lead-acid batteries, have stronger voltage and energy than lead-acid batteries, and last longer. However, the disadvantages of lithium batteries are also very obvious. Although lithium batteries are environmentally friendly, they have high production costs and low recycling value. Lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries are the opposite. Lead-acid batteries are large, but they can be recycled and have low production costs.
What is the difference between lead-acid battery and lithium battery?
Lead-acid battery: Lead-acid battery (VRLA), is a kind of battery whose electrode is mainly made of lead and its oxide, and whose electrolyte is sulfuric acid solution. In the discharged state of lead-acid battery, the main component of positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the main component of negative electrode is lead; in the charged state, the main component of both positive and negative electrodes is lead sulfate.
Lithium battery: Lithium battery is a type of battery with lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material and using non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Due to the chemical properties of lithium metal is very active, making the processing, preservation and use of lithium metal, the environmental requirements are very high. Lithium batteries can be broadly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries.
Comparison of the differences between lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries.
We will compare lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries we want to weight energy density, volume energy density, service life, price, applicability, national policies, safety, environmental protection and other perspectives to.
1、Weight energy density
The current lithium battery energy density is generally in 200-260wh/g, lead-acid is generally in 50-70wh/g, then the weight energy density of lithium battery is 3-5 times of lead-acid, which means that the same capacity, lead-acid battery is 3-5 times of lithium battery, so in the light weight of energy storage devices, lithium battery occupies the absolute advantage.
2、Volume energy density
The volume capacity density of lithium battery is usually about 1.5 times that of lead-acid battery, so with the same capacity, lithium battery is about 30% smaller than the battery volume.
3、Use cycle
The more popular material system is ternary and lithium iron, ternary power lithium battery cycle times are usually more than 1000 times, lithium iron phosphate battery cycle times are more than 2000 times, the battery cycle times are usually only about 300 to 350 times, so the service life of lithium batteries is about 3-6 times that of lead-acid batteries.
4、Price
At present, lithium batteries are more expensive than lead-acid, about 3 times more expensive, but combined with the service life analysis, put the same cost, it is still lithium battery cycle to use longer.
5、Applicability
Lithium batteries are slightly less safe than lead-acid batteries, so you need to do a variety of safety precautions in use, such as preventing damage to the lithium battery caused by external forces or accidents, which may cause a fire or explosion; the current temperature suitability of lithium batteries is also very good, so in other adaptations, lithium batteries are not inferior to lead-acid batteries.
6、Using occasions
Lead-acid batteries: car starting, electric car batteries
Lithium battery: cell phones, computers, power tools, UPS power supply, etc. are now also used for electric car batteries.
7、Internal material
Lead-acid battery positive and negative electrodes are lead oxide, lead metal, and electrolyte is concentrated sulfuric acid.
Lithium battery positive and negative electrodes for lithium cobaltate / lithium iron phosphate / lithium manganate, graphite, organic electrolyte.
8、Safety
Lithium battery safety comes from the stability of the cathode material and reliable safety design, lithium iron phosphate completely solve the problem of lithium cobaltate and lithium manganate safety hazards, lead-acid batteries in a strong collision will produce an explosion, while lithium iron phosphate has been rigorous safety testing, even in a violent collision will not produce an explosion.
9, environmental protection
Lithium iron phosphate batteries do not contain any heavy metals and rare metals, non-toxic, both in the production and use are non-polluting, in line with European RoHS regulations, for green batteries. In contrast, there is a large amount of lead in the lead-acid battery, after its disposal if not properly disposed of, will still cause secondary pollution to the environment.
10、Operating temperature range
The working temperature range of lithium battery is -20-60℃, which does not require air conditioning and reduces the installation cost, maintenance cost and electricity cost of the equipment. And the working temperature range of lead-acid battery is 15-35℃.
11、Discharge characteristics
For the same fully charged lithium battery and battery, at the same temperature, using different multiples of discharge current, the discharge output characteristics of lithium batteries are very stable, while the discharge output characteristics of batteries are very different, which can cause power instability.
In all aspects, the difference between lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries is very obvious, in addition to manufacturing materials, the two actually adapt to the application scenario is not the same, there are also essential differences in the use, so we need to plan ahead in the daily application of optional batteries, choose the right battery products.
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