Energy storage systems are widely used, and can be divided into water storage, air storage and chemical storage according to the different environments and conditions of use; the batteries used are also distinguished in various ways, and can be divided into lead-acid batteries, nickel batteries, lithium batteries, liquid flow batteries and sodium-sulfur batteries according to the type of batteries.
01
Lead-acid battery
It is a kind of battery whose electrode is made of lead and its oxide, and whose electrolyte is sulfuric acid solution. In the discharged state, the important component of the positive electrode is lead dioxide and the negative electrode is lead; in the charged state, the important component of both positive and negative electrodes is lead sulfate.
Its advantages are important: safety sealing, air release system, simple maintenance, long service life, stable quality and high reliability; the disadvantage is that the pollution of lead is large and the energy density is low (that is, too bulky).
02
Nickel-based battery
Nickel-metal hydride battery is a kind of battery with good performance. The positive active substance of NiMH battery is Ni(OH)2 (called NiO electrode), the negative active substance is metal hydride, also called hydrogen storage alloy (electrode called hydrogen storage electrode), and the electrolyte is 6mol/L potassium hydroxide solution.
Its important advantages are: high energy density, fast charging and discharging, light weight, long life, no environmental pollution; the disadvantages are slight memory effect, more management problems, easy to form single battery compartment melting.
03
Lithium-ion battery
Lithium-ion battery, is a class of lithium metal or lithium alloy as the anode material, the use of non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the battery, due to the chemical properties of lithium metal is very active, making the processing, preservation, use of lithium metal, the environmental requirements are very high. With the development of science and technology, lithium-ion batteries have now become the mainstream.
Its important advantages are: long service life, high storage energy density, light weight, adaptability; the disadvantages are poor safety, easy to explode, high cost, and restricted use conditions.
04
Liquid flow battery
Liquid flow energy storage battery is a class of devices suitable for fixed large-scale energy storage (power storage), compared with the currently used lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries and other secondary batteries, with power and storage capacity can be independently designed (energy storage medium stored outside the battery), high efficiency, long life, deep discharge, environmentally friendly and other advantages, is one of the preferred technologies for large-scale energy storage technology.
Its important advantages are: flexible layout, long cycle life, fast response times, no harmful emissions; the disadvantage is that the energy density varies greatly.
05
Sodium-sulfur battery
Sodium-sulfur battery, is a kind of secondary battery with sodium metal as the negative electrode, sulfur as the positive electrode and ceramic tube as the electrolyte diaphragm. At a certain working degree, the sodium ions pass through the electrolyte diaphragm and the reversible reaction between the sulfur, forming the release and storage of energy.
Its important advantages are: specific energy up to 760Wh/kg, no self-discharge phenomenon, discharge efficiency of almost 100%, life can reach 10-15 years; the disadvantage is that high temperature 350ºC melting sulfur and sodium.
06
Ternary lithium-ion battery
Ternary polymer lithium ion battery refers to the cathode material using lithium nickel cobalt manganate (Li (NiCoMn) O2) ternary cathode material lithium ion battery, ternary composite cathode material is based on nickel salt, cobalt salt, manganese salt as raw materials, the ratio of nickel cobalt manganese inside can be adjusted according to the actual want, ternary materials for cathode battery related to lithium cobalt ion battery safety is high, but the voltage is too low, used in cell phones (cell phones) The cut-off voltage is generally around 3.0V) will have an obvious feeling of insufficient capacity.
Its important advantages are: good cycle performance; disadvantage is the use of some restrictions
07
Lithium iron phosphate
Lithium iron phosphate ion battery, refers to the lithium ion battery with lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material. Lithium-ion battery cathode materials are important lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium nickelate, ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate, etc.. Among them, lithium cobaltate is currently the majority of lithium-ion battery cathode material.
Its important advantages are: improvement of safety performance, improvement of life, good high temperature performance, large capacity, no memory effect, light weight, environmental protection; the disadvantage is that it can cause micro-short circuit, lower energy density, higher manufacturing cost, poor product consistency, intellectual property issues.
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