The safety of lithium-ion batteries is not a peripheral issue, but an essential issue based on material skills.
Breakthroughs in material skills.
1, select safe cathode material, the current cathode has lithium cobaltate and lithium manganate two kinds of mass-produced material products. Lithium cobaltate is a very mature system in terms of small battery cells, because of the characteristics of lithium cobaltate in terms of molecular structure (LiCo): after being fully charged, there are still a lot of lithium ions left in the cathode, and when overcharged, the lithium ions remaining in the cathode will surge to the cathode, and constitute dendrites on the cathode is the inevitable result when the battery with lithium cobaltate material is overcharged, and even in the normal charging and discharging process, there may be excess lithium ions free to the negative electrode to form dendrites. Therefore, cell phone batteries repeatedly burst, on the one hand, because of the failure of the maintenance circuit, but more importantly, there is no fundamental treatment of the problem in the material. Together with the strong oxidation of lithium cobaltate, at 175 degrees will be divided, shell leakage, and air touch, incineration, burst.
2, the selection of lithium manganate material, in terms of molecular structure to ensure that in a fully charged condition, the lithium ion of the positive electrode is now thoroughly embedded in the negative carbon hole, fundamentally avoid the occurrence of dendrites. Together with the solid structure of lithium manganate, its oxidation function is much lower than that of lithium cobaltate, and the differentiation temperature exceeds 100 degrees of lithium cobaltate, even if the internal short circuit (pinprick) occurs because of external force, external short circuit, overcharge, it can completely avoid the risk of incineration and blasting caused by precipitating lithium metal.
3, the selection of thermally closed function of the barrier, the role of the barrier is to block the battery positive and negative, together with the promise of lithium ions through. When the temperature rises, the closure of the barrier before it melts, so that the internal resistance rises to 2000 ohms, so that the internal reactions stop.
4, explosion-proof valve: When the internal pressure or temperature reaches the preset specification, the explosion-proof valve will open and begin to unload the pressure to avoid excessive internal gas buildup, deformation, and eventually lead to shell burst.
5、 Maintenance circuit: Usually the maintenance circuit needs to play a role in avoiding overcharging, over discharging and oversized current. The main principle is to measure the voltage and total current of each cell and manipulate the switching circuit to turn off the whole circuit, there is no excessive difficulty in the planning of the circuit. However, whether the maintenance circuit is reasonably planned and reliable enough is a test of the manufacturer's ability. The maintenance circuit is based on a PCB circuit consisting of about dozens of electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, and switching MOS tubes, and each component is subject to failure. A failed maintenance circuit will present two conditions, open or on, when the open circuit will result in the user not being able to use the battery pack, while the on condition will test the ability of the battery cell to resist overcharging.
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